Social Work Methodology, Methods, Technique

• Social work - a new scientific and practical activities and many aspects of the theory is debatable;
• Social work approaches the problem of their classification, description of the topic by academics and practitioners;
• METHOD - philosophical and scientific knowledge of the system and method of reasoning, as well as knowledge of reality as a package;
• The method is there a human practice, the methods were consistent with the characteristics and laws of reality;
• Methodology - a set of principles and methods by which organized and developed the theoretical and practical activities, as well as training on the system.

Social Work Methodology
• Methodology used when you want to get knowledge about the object, the methods used to ensure the reliability of knowledge and validity of the conclusions, using adequate procedures for obtaining knowledge;
• Social work in a methodological aspect can be dealt with in three ways:
• SOCIAL WORK AS A SCIENCE;
• SOCIAL WORK AS A ACTIVITY;
• SOCIAL WORK AS A TEACHING DISCIPLINE;
• If you work as a social science discipline is key - understanding social reality, how it relates to practical work with the reality of conversion.

Social work as a science
• Research topics is dependent on the level achieved in the field of knowledge, social practices, and moderate development of others.;
• Social work research subject - is the social groups and individuals contact, peer interaction, behavior in society and the ways of the regulatory process.
• Eg. Social work is the subject of elderly people, pensioners, the disabled, severely ill, children, people who find themselves in difficult life situations
• Studies have further scientific knowledge about the person, help people and ways to improve the social well-being
Social work as a science methods
• Science has a very rigorous approach to knowledge acquisition techniques;
• If there is no scientific method to investigate the phenomenon, which means that there is no scientific knowledge;
• A distinction of two levels of scientific knowledge: the empirical and theoretical
• EMPIRICAL - characteristic of real, perceived objects of study 'feelings;
• On the empirical level, the observations, measurements and experiments are under investigation about the objects, natural phenomena, accumulation process;
• Carry out a systematization of data generated by the tables, charts, graphs

EMPIRICAL TEST LEVEL

• MONITORING - as individuals and social phenomena of specificity method for the fixation of their behavioral manifestations basis;
• experiments - the active mode of cognition of reality, it provides the targeted intervention research to the test situation and management.
• SURVEY - by the respondents (more sociology course). Uses statistical methods
• Passive tracking allows you to answer the question How? In what way is it happening?
• The experiment provides the opportunity to find the answer to the other question why is it happening?

THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION LEVEL

• scientific literature, document analysis - allows you to find out what is already known to the investigated area: what has been done, discovered, to learn about the latest research papers, the contents of documents;
• historical method - used in documents, business description text, which atsispindimos human experiences, the provisions of concepts, experiences, highlighting the historical specificities of the phenomenon under investigation in the context of the times;
• QUALITATIVE CONTENT (content) ANALYSIS METHOD - the material may include various forms of communication (eg, written texts (books, newspapers, magazines, documents, letters), including political messages), instant messenger - open question, written in the text of the interview, the expert assessments.

SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION

• practices - operating mode to achieve the objective, methods of operation:
• Sociological Methods - an information gathering function - (The collection of data on the client);
• Pedagogical methods in social work:
• knowledge, understanding of construction methods, education, counseling, empowerment to act;
• Assent methods;
• Personality in the work methods;
• teaching methods of correction;
Psychological Methods 4: psichodiagnostika, psychological counseling, psychological screening, sweats, autotreningas, behavior, motivation, communication, self-evaluation of the correction methods.

SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION

5th Socio-economic methods in kind and cash assistance, relief, allowance, home service, domestic service, appointment and promotion material like;
6.Organizaciniai solutions-based methods of legislation:
• Regulation - to establish and maintain organizational arrangements, obligations (Orders, Staff Regulations);
• rationing - eg., The number of clients standard of service, service time and the standard of others.;
• Instruction - providing advice, informatikon

SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION

7th Pedagogical Psychology:
• persuasion - an interpretation, advice, reasoning, recommendation, positive sample;
• Psychological adjustment;
• Teaching and training methods;
• Social Therapy - behavioral adjustment measures, ensuring the normal development of personality self-evaluation. There may be individual and group therapy format, family therapy, work therapy, and others.;

SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION

• Social Work methods shall be determined according to the manner and purpose of the social worker organizes a system of interaction with individuals, groups, greater community;
• Traditional social division of labor:
• SOCIAL WORK of the individual - the initial communication, problem-situation analysis, setting goals and objectives, individual relationship with environment and / or you change the overall result Implementation;
• SOCIAL WORK WITH THE GROUP - a group of participants on reflection, debate - (correction model). The social worker is an agent;
• Social work in community - communities, of community development, coordination, organization of companies

SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION

• INDIVIDUAL MANAGEMENT - area of individual social work in recent years, social workers started to call manager (case manager);
• INDIVIDUAL MANAGEMENT - social work method - which involves support services for the individual and the organization and coordination, t, y:
• Data collection and analysis;
• Strategic foresight;
• Social assistance for the monitoring process;

SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION

SOCIAL SUPPORT NETWORK ORGANISATION - relations between the individual pixels, with a specific value system:
• People;
• Places where people gather;
• Actions carried out by the people;
• Links in this case - including the ongoing movement of people to meet each other, visiting places of interest to them or engage in joint activities;
• The social network provides a better understanding of life and individual behavior, use of informal contacts to support goals (include neighbors, vendors, postman, volunteers, etc.).
Questions and self-employment exam
• Social work in a methodological aspect can be dealt with in three ways. Describe the social work methodologies and techniques.
• Choosing social work as a science and a brief description of the methods.
• Choosing social work as a practical method of operation and a brief description.
• What is the individual social work, social work with a group of social work and community?
• Describe the management of individual and social support networks as a way of working.

REFERENTES

Social Work. Introduction of professional activity. Vilnius: Vilnius University, 2007.
4th Social work as a problem-solving process
• TECHNICAL APPROACH - The social worker performs corrective interventions to the client's life situations;
• Social worker - as a doctor or an engineer, implementing preventive or corrective interventions in problematic client situations;
• Measures - work with the (individual), therapeutic interventions, group and community work;
• The social worker - the operator of a facility - the client with their own problems (dementia, mental disability) and use their professional expertise;
• Collaboration with the customer is organized hierarchically - the client is a social worker's recommendations, and links

Social work as a problem-solving process

• Communicative 'ATTITUDE - a social worker form the communicative interaction with the client and the interactions based on co-operation;
• Social worker with the client to decide the problematic situation or relieve;
• To avoid making the subject of user activity;
• The client communication problem developed understanding of the situation;
• object - the client problem (poverty, violence, child protection, dependency);
• Customer self-resolving their problems, with the assistance of a social worker;
• The social worker provides grants and resources;

Social work as a problem-solving process

• Communicative 'ATTITUDE - The social worker performs resource organizer, mentor, social advocate, agent roles;
• strengthening the client's expertise, build customer relationships and social environment;
• Important Mutual trust
• Social worker - an intermediary between the customer and the community;
• Requirements change for the customer and community activities

The process of addressing

• Communicative approach - problem-solving process that:
• not based on "fabricated" in advance the installed models;
• Solutions depend on the specific situation;
• the decision process can be applied prophylactically, the problem still is not at;
• A business model for the solution of problems or to facilitate them;
• Problem solving the problem depends on the details of the nature of the activity infraskstruktūros, from a social worker and client relationships;

STAGES:
HOME • Workaround:
• Customer appeal to the social worker;
• Communication model building;
• Situation analysis;
• Problem identification and definition;
• Anticipation of problem solving;
• Pre-program problem;

B. ENFORCEMENT ISSUES:
7th Problem solving process of adjustment;
8th Treaties and mutual obligations;
9th The operational phase of its regular analysis and evaluation
STAGES:
C. BUSINESS CLOSURE:
1O. Completion of the process;
11th Evaluation;
12th Completion of interoperability and performance assessment;
Problem-solving - the problem is process-oriented real-life circumstances that have not developed a specific technique or technology-based;
In view of the problem, a social worker may be a problem during the process of alternating work and as an individual, group and community employment specialist;
It is important to assess the client to assume the liability

Problem Resolution Process:

• Contains the critical moment:
• Social workers need to know on whose initiative the customer turned to specialists;
• Client preparation work is highly dependent on treatment conditions;
• Customers who are reluctant to engage in problem-solving process - potential unexpected changes in the future;
• Customers can survive on its reputation as a request for assistance;
• The customer may not recognize that there is a problem that requires professional assistance;
Problem Resolution Process:
• The second point - how to tell the customer will be a joint work;
• An important psychological encouragement;
• contact successful - start to look for answers to questions such as:
• How can the problem occur?
• What is the current problem is the problem?
• Does the client want to help? Does he support searches for other people?
• Why does the problem become a problem now?
• What the client feels about your problem?
• What exists in the attitude expressed by the problem? Is it shameful?
Problem Resolution Process:
• at the beginning of the relationship is also important to consider:
• As a customer, and can participate in identifying their own problems;
• What is the social worker's approach for defining the role of the client?
• What social services are involved and able to participate - what are the limits of the activities they provide?
• What are the other professionals involved in client's situation - doctors, nurses, teachers and police?
• What relatives, friends, neighbors, participate in defining the role of the client or the situation?

COMMUNICATION social work

• Social work - as a form of verbal activity requires empatinių social worker skills;
• Empathy is necessary because the client comes from other lifelike space, which is different from the social worker in the world;
• The concepts and values may be alien life customer environment;
• Verbal communication and interpersonal communication can become a social worker's activities on the basis (he does not have the surgeon's scalpel, medicine or engineering techniques!)
• The social worker gathers information, it gives the client and provide recommendations to clarify the problems and situations by reflection;
• are written in the report, creating a database to be used for further activities

COMMUNICATION social work

• Communication forms: verbal, non-verbal, written;
• Important social worker's approach to customer stories, teaching ideas - real life experiences of difference and the discrepancy may be the cause of errors;
• If the information required by the adjustment;
Important • Confidentiality - the client reveals his feelings, experiences and expertise;
• The social worker may be the problem įveliamas emotional relationships that impede the functioning of a professional;

COMMUNICATION social work. Important to realize:
• The social worker and client situations in real life the difference;
• The social worker's experience of difference;
• Factors that hinder communication: noise, strangers and others.
• social worker and the client's emotional state;
• Cultural, sensual nature of the issues;
• fatigue and other similar factors;
• Emotional feelings and mutual relations;

TRANSITION TO PLAN IMPLEMENTATION STAGE

• analysis of the initial phase of defining the problem and purpose - provided the plan execution, the roles:
• Consultant - affect the decisions;
• Organizer - organize the resources needed to solve the problem;
• A lawyer, negotiator, mediator - in conflict situations;
• educator - changing situations and customer lifestyle;
• planner - plan and promote the development, use of information;
• Implemented working with individuals, groups, community approaches

PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION PHASE\

• Starting point - the definition of proactive customer, client and employee social interaction;
• social worker and client contracts or contract (orally or in writing). An oral agreement is difficult to verify details.
• The contract must include points:
• Customer's problem;
• The social worker's activities and resources in line;
• Operational and resource recovery phases;
• formulation of objectives for different time intervals;
• Provision of resources;
• Results measurement and evaluation methods;
• What are the actors and institutions involved in activities;
• The rights and responsibilities;
• Procedural issues and breach of contract
• Business plan and implementation schedule;
• for closure plan

PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION PHASE

• Particular attention should be paid to the customer indifference and loss of interest in cooperation in order to maintain the partnership process;
• The social worker may be exposed to the client's change in feelings of fear, frustration, reluctance of the process;
• The social worker is important to speak with a customer about the experiences, problems and feelings of the client;
• The social worker is not indifferent to the attack on the client;
• If necessary, work needs to be adjusted in line with customer

PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS OF COMPLETING

• Perform performance analysis and evaluation;
• Objective analysis - the results of training;
• Customer interaction with the social worker examines what they succeeded, what failed to achieve, what resources were insufficient, which causes frustration moments was what pleased;
• the procedural objections and challenges and successful experiences;
• Assessment goal - to complete the preparation of the mutual contact - interpersonal relationships termination;
• Client may feel uncertainty and fear that one of the overcoming of obstacles;
• Customers can empathize with the dependence on the social worker position;

PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS OF COMPLETING

• completion of the process required when a client issues a decision referred to another institution or to another social worker;
• It is important to respect the confidentiality;
• If necessary, agree on a meeting at a later stage to make sure that the customer life things are going well and the results achieved are set out;
PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS AS A CHALLENGE practical training
• A problem solving process that requires certain social skills and abilities:
• Analytical skills - the problems, find solutions, understand the psychological aspects of the problem, assess the problem-solving activities;
• communication skills - various verbal and non-verbal form of communication, emotional control, motivation building, the creation of neutral facts, and ethical behavior;
• Cooperation organizational skills - communication with other support agencies and specialist support, networking support, resource attraction;

REFERENCES
1. Social Work. Introduction of professional activity. Vilnius: Vilnius University, 2007.
2. Johnson, L. Social work practice. The general approach. University, 2001.