The man appeared about 3 million years ago. And he still walked four. After about a million years ago Homo erectus appeared, namely vertical man. He started walking on two legs.
Evolution - a process in which the changing environment and changing the genetic material of an object. In other words, humans to 3 million years have been very good to walk four, because it was the appropriate environmental conditions. After a million years environmental conditions have changed. Somehow, people became more comfortable to live vertical. There was a man of genetic modifications and adapted to new environmental conditions.
The man has not changed to adapt to environmental conditions and create the conditions for himself. The word CREATE. It comes from the word create, stoke the fire. The man started to fire, then he settled in warm houses, and later began to develop a variety of mechanisms. In other words, the man started to work. Instead of simply switch to another, warmer place, the man learned to put a lot of effort to create a warm place where you wanted it. Laziness Homo, homo faber by - working man. Since then, we're working on. We are working day and night. Because we are homo faber - man employed. If a man is not the inventor of tools and fire, it would nevoliucionavęs.
Evolution goes through living beings who wish to find happiness in this world. In each of their behavior and thoughts, even their efforts to comply with all the virtuous life forces. Such people are always progressing, life after life is Going to the higher planetary systems, and gaining more and more intelligent forms of life. It is evolution, egoistic desires sunyksta, but not completely. This always remains a possibility degradation.
2010 m. balandžio 29 d., ketvirtadienis
2010 m. balandžio 24 d., šeštadienis
Social Work Methodology, Methods, Technique
• Social work - a new scientific and practical activities and many aspects of the theory is debatable;
• Social work approaches the problem of their classification, description of the topic by academics and practitioners;
• METHOD - philosophical and scientific knowledge of the system and method of reasoning, as well as knowledge of reality as a package;
• The method is there a human practice, the methods were consistent with the characteristics and laws of reality;
• Methodology - a set of principles and methods by which organized and developed the theoretical and practical activities, as well as training on the system.
Social Work Methodology
• Methodology used when you want to get knowledge about the object, the methods used to ensure the reliability of knowledge and validity of the conclusions, using adequate procedures for obtaining knowledge;
• Social work in a methodological aspect can be dealt with in three ways:
• SOCIAL WORK AS A SCIENCE;
• SOCIAL WORK AS A ACTIVITY;
• SOCIAL WORK AS A TEACHING DISCIPLINE;
• If you work as a social science discipline is key - understanding social reality, how it relates to practical work with the reality of conversion.
Social work as a science
• Research topics is dependent on the level achieved in the field of knowledge, social practices, and moderate development of others.;
• Social work research subject - is the social groups and individuals contact, peer interaction, behavior in society and the ways of the regulatory process.
• Eg. Social work is the subject of elderly people, pensioners, the disabled, severely ill, children, people who find themselves in difficult life situations
• Studies have further scientific knowledge about the person, help people and ways to improve the social well-being
Social work as a science methods
• Science has a very rigorous approach to knowledge acquisition techniques;
• If there is no scientific method to investigate the phenomenon, which means that there is no scientific knowledge;
• A distinction of two levels of scientific knowledge: the empirical and theoretical
• EMPIRICAL - characteristic of real, perceived objects of study 'feelings;
• On the empirical level, the observations, measurements and experiments are under investigation about the objects, natural phenomena, accumulation process;
• Carry out a systematization of data generated by the tables, charts, graphs
EMPIRICAL TEST LEVEL
• MONITORING - as individuals and social phenomena of specificity method for the fixation of their behavioral manifestations basis;
• experiments - the active mode of cognition of reality, it provides the targeted intervention research to the test situation and management.
• SURVEY - by the respondents (more sociology course). Uses statistical methods
• Passive tracking allows you to answer the question How? In what way is it happening?
• The experiment provides the opportunity to find the answer to the other question why is it happening?
THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION LEVEL
• scientific literature, document analysis - allows you to find out what is already known to the investigated area: what has been done, discovered, to learn about the latest research papers, the contents of documents;
• historical method - used in documents, business description text, which atsispindimos human experiences, the provisions of concepts, experiences, highlighting the historical specificities of the phenomenon under investigation in the context of the times;
• QUALITATIVE CONTENT (content) ANALYSIS METHOD - the material may include various forms of communication (eg, written texts (books, newspapers, magazines, documents, letters), including political messages), instant messenger - open question, written in the text of the interview, the expert assessments.
SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION
• practices - operating mode to achieve the objective, methods of operation:
• Sociological Methods - an information gathering function - (The collection of data on the client);
• Pedagogical methods in social work:
• knowledge, understanding of construction methods, education, counseling, empowerment to act;
• Assent methods;
• Personality in the work methods;
• teaching methods of correction;
Psychological Methods 4: psichodiagnostika, psychological counseling, psychological screening, sweats, autotreningas, behavior, motivation, communication, self-evaluation of the correction methods.
SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION
5th Socio-economic methods in kind and cash assistance, relief, allowance, home service, domestic service, appointment and promotion material like;
6.Organizaciniai solutions-based methods of legislation:
• Regulation - to establish and maintain organizational arrangements, obligations (Orders, Staff Regulations);
• rationing - eg., The number of clients standard of service, service time and the standard of others.;
• Instruction - providing advice, informatikon
SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION
7th Pedagogical Psychology:
• persuasion - an interpretation, advice, reasoning, recommendation, positive sample;
• Psychological adjustment;
• Teaching and training methods;
• Social Therapy - behavioral adjustment measures, ensuring the normal development of personality self-evaluation. There may be individual and group therapy format, family therapy, work therapy, and others.;
SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION
• Social Work methods shall be determined according to the manner and purpose of the social worker organizes a system of interaction with individuals, groups, greater community;
• Traditional social division of labor:
• SOCIAL WORK of the individual - the initial communication, problem-situation analysis, setting goals and objectives, individual relationship with environment and / or you change the overall result Implementation;
• SOCIAL WORK WITH THE GROUP - a group of participants on reflection, debate - (correction model). The social worker is an agent;
• Social work in community - communities, of community development, coordination, organization of companies
SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION
• INDIVIDUAL MANAGEMENT - area of individual social work in recent years, social workers started to call manager (case manager);
• INDIVIDUAL MANAGEMENT - social work method - which involves support services for the individual and the organization and coordination, t, y:
• Data collection and analysis;
• Strategic foresight;
• Social assistance for the monitoring process;
SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION
SOCIAL SUPPORT NETWORK ORGANISATION - relations between the individual pixels, with a specific value system:
• People;
• Places where people gather;
• Actions carried out by the people;
• Links in this case - including the ongoing movement of people to meet each other, visiting places of interest to them or engage in joint activities;
• The social network provides a better understanding of life and individual behavior, use of informal contacts to support goals (include neighbors, vendors, postman, volunteers, etc.).
Questions and self-employment exam
• Social work in a methodological aspect can be dealt with in three ways. Describe the social work methodologies and techniques.
• Choosing social work as a science and a brief description of the methods.
• Choosing social work as a practical method of operation and a brief description.
• What is the individual social work, social work with a group of social work and community?
• Describe the management of individual and social support networks as a way of working.
REFERENTES
Social Work. Introduction of professional activity. Vilnius: Vilnius University, 2007.
4th Social work as a problem-solving process
• TECHNICAL APPROACH - The social worker performs corrective interventions to the client's life situations;
• Social worker - as a doctor or an engineer, implementing preventive or corrective interventions in problematic client situations;
• Measures - work with the (individual), therapeutic interventions, group and community work;
• The social worker - the operator of a facility - the client with their own problems (dementia, mental disability) and use their professional expertise;
• Collaboration with the customer is organized hierarchically - the client is a social worker's recommendations, and links
Social work as a problem-solving process
• Communicative 'ATTITUDE - a social worker form the communicative interaction with the client and the interactions based on co-operation;
• Social worker with the client to decide the problematic situation or relieve;
• To avoid making the subject of user activity;
• The client communication problem developed understanding of the situation;
• object - the client problem (poverty, violence, child protection, dependency);
• Customer self-resolving their problems, with the assistance of a social worker;
• The social worker provides grants and resources;
Social work as a problem-solving process
• Communicative 'ATTITUDE - The social worker performs resource organizer, mentor, social advocate, agent roles;
• strengthening the client's expertise, build customer relationships and social environment;
• Important Mutual trust
• Social worker - an intermediary between the customer and the community;
• Requirements change for the customer and community activities
The process of addressing
• Communicative approach - problem-solving process that:
• not based on "fabricated" in advance the installed models;
• Solutions depend on the specific situation;
• the decision process can be applied prophylactically, the problem still is not at;
• A business model for the solution of problems or to facilitate them;
• Problem solving the problem depends on the details of the nature of the activity infraskstruktūros, from a social worker and client relationships;
STAGES:
HOME • Workaround:
• Customer appeal to the social worker;
• Communication model building;
• Situation analysis;
• Problem identification and definition;
• Anticipation of problem solving;
• Pre-program problem;
B. ENFORCEMENT ISSUES:
7th Problem solving process of adjustment;
8th Treaties and mutual obligations;
9th The operational phase of its regular analysis and evaluation
STAGES:
C. BUSINESS CLOSURE:
1O. Completion of the process;
11th Evaluation;
12th Completion of interoperability and performance assessment;
Problem-solving - the problem is process-oriented real-life circumstances that have not developed a specific technique or technology-based;
In view of the problem, a social worker may be a problem during the process of alternating work and as an individual, group and community employment specialist;
It is important to assess the client to assume the liability
Problem Resolution Process:
• Contains the critical moment:
• Social workers need to know on whose initiative the customer turned to specialists;
• Client preparation work is highly dependent on treatment conditions;
• Customers who are reluctant to engage in problem-solving process - potential unexpected changes in the future;
• Customers can survive on its reputation as a request for assistance;
• The customer may not recognize that there is a problem that requires professional assistance;
Problem Resolution Process:
• The second point - how to tell the customer will be a joint work;
• An important psychological encouragement;
• contact successful - start to look for answers to questions such as:
• How can the problem occur?
• What is the current problem is the problem?
• Does the client want to help? Does he support searches for other people?
• Why does the problem become a problem now?
• What the client feels about your problem?
• What exists in the attitude expressed by the problem? Is it shameful?
Problem Resolution Process:
• at the beginning of the relationship is also important to consider:
• As a customer, and can participate in identifying their own problems;
• What is the social worker's approach for defining the role of the client?
• What social services are involved and able to participate - what are the limits of the activities they provide?
• What are the other professionals involved in client's situation - doctors, nurses, teachers and police?
• What relatives, friends, neighbors, participate in defining the role of the client or the situation?
COMMUNICATION social work
• Social work - as a form of verbal activity requires empatinių social worker skills;
• Empathy is necessary because the client comes from other lifelike space, which is different from the social worker in the world;
• The concepts and values may be alien life customer environment;
• Verbal communication and interpersonal communication can become a social worker's activities on the basis (he does not have the surgeon's scalpel, medicine or engineering techniques!)
• The social worker gathers information, it gives the client and provide recommendations to clarify the problems and situations by reflection;
• are written in the report, creating a database to be used for further activities
COMMUNICATION social work
• Communication forms: verbal, non-verbal, written;
• Important social worker's approach to customer stories, teaching ideas - real life experiences of difference and the discrepancy may be the cause of errors;
• If the information required by the adjustment;
Important • Confidentiality - the client reveals his feelings, experiences and expertise;
• The social worker may be the problem įveliamas emotional relationships that impede the functioning of a professional;
COMMUNICATION social work. Important to realize:
• The social worker and client situations in real life the difference;
• The social worker's experience of difference;
• Factors that hinder communication: noise, strangers and others.
• social worker and the client's emotional state;
• Cultural, sensual nature of the issues;
• fatigue and other similar factors;
• Emotional feelings and mutual relations;
TRANSITION TO PLAN IMPLEMENTATION STAGE
• analysis of the initial phase of defining the problem and purpose - provided the plan execution, the roles:
• Consultant - affect the decisions;
• Organizer - organize the resources needed to solve the problem;
• A lawyer, negotiator, mediator - in conflict situations;
• educator - changing situations and customer lifestyle;
• planner - plan and promote the development, use of information;
• Implemented working with individuals, groups, community approaches
PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION PHASE\
• Starting point - the definition of proactive customer, client and employee social interaction;
• social worker and client contracts or contract (orally or in writing). An oral agreement is difficult to verify details.
• The contract must include points:
• Customer's problem;
• The social worker's activities and resources in line;
• Operational and resource recovery phases;
• formulation of objectives for different time intervals;
• Provision of resources;
• Results measurement and evaluation methods;
• What are the actors and institutions involved in activities;
• The rights and responsibilities;
• Procedural issues and breach of contract
• Business plan and implementation schedule;
• for closure plan
PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
• Particular attention should be paid to the customer indifference and loss of interest in cooperation in order to maintain the partnership process;
• The social worker may be exposed to the client's change in feelings of fear, frustration, reluctance of the process;
• The social worker is important to speak with a customer about the experiences, problems and feelings of the client;
• The social worker is not indifferent to the attack on the client;
• If necessary, work needs to be adjusted in line with customer
PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS OF COMPLETING
• Perform performance analysis and evaluation;
• Objective analysis - the results of training;
• Customer interaction with the social worker examines what they succeeded, what failed to achieve, what resources were insufficient, which causes frustration moments was what pleased;
• the procedural objections and challenges and successful experiences;
• Assessment goal - to complete the preparation of the mutual contact - interpersonal relationships termination;
• Client may feel uncertainty and fear that one of the overcoming of obstacles;
• Customers can empathize with the dependence on the social worker position;
PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS OF COMPLETING
• completion of the process required when a client issues a decision referred to another institution or to another social worker;
• It is important to respect the confidentiality;
• If necessary, agree on a meeting at a later stage to make sure that the customer life things are going well and the results achieved are set out;
PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS AS A CHALLENGE practical training
• A problem solving process that requires certain social skills and abilities:
• Analytical skills - the problems, find solutions, understand the psychological aspects of the problem, assess the problem-solving activities;
• communication skills - various verbal and non-verbal form of communication, emotional control, motivation building, the creation of neutral facts, and ethical behavior;
• Cooperation organizational skills - communication with other support agencies and specialist support, networking support, resource attraction;
REFERENCES
1. Social Work. Introduction of professional activity. Vilnius: Vilnius University, 2007.
2. Johnson, L. Social work practice. The general approach. University, 2001.
• Social work approaches the problem of their classification, description of the topic by academics and practitioners;
• METHOD - philosophical and scientific knowledge of the system and method of reasoning, as well as knowledge of reality as a package;
• The method is there a human practice, the methods were consistent with the characteristics and laws of reality;
• Methodology - a set of principles and methods by which organized and developed the theoretical and practical activities, as well as training on the system.
Social Work Methodology
• Methodology used when you want to get knowledge about the object, the methods used to ensure the reliability of knowledge and validity of the conclusions, using adequate procedures for obtaining knowledge;
• Social work in a methodological aspect can be dealt with in three ways:
• SOCIAL WORK AS A SCIENCE;
• SOCIAL WORK AS A ACTIVITY;
• SOCIAL WORK AS A TEACHING DISCIPLINE;
• If you work as a social science discipline is key - understanding social reality, how it relates to practical work with the reality of conversion.
Social work as a science
• Research topics is dependent on the level achieved in the field of knowledge, social practices, and moderate development of others.;
• Social work research subject - is the social groups and individuals contact, peer interaction, behavior in society and the ways of the regulatory process.
• Eg. Social work is the subject of elderly people, pensioners, the disabled, severely ill, children, people who find themselves in difficult life situations
• Studies have further scientific knowledge about the person, help people and ways to improve the social well-being
Social work as a science methods
• Science has a very rigorous approach to knowledge acquisition techniques;
• If there is no scientific method to investigate the phenomenon, which means that there is no scientific knowledge;
• A distinction of two levels of scientific knowledge: the empirical and theoretical
• EMPIRICAL - characteristic of real, perceived objects of study 'feelings;
• On the empirical level, the observations, measurements and experiments are under investigation about the objects, natural phenomena, accumulation process;
• Carry out a systematization of data generated by the tables, charts, graphs
EMPIRICAL TEST LEVEL
• MONITORING - as individuals and social phenomena of specificity method for the fixation of their behavioral manifestations basis;
• experiments - the active mode of cognition of reality, it provides the targeted intervention research to the test situation and management.
• SURVEY - by the respondents (more sociology course). Uses statistical methods
• Passive tracking allows you to answer the question How? In what way is it happening?
• The experiment provides the opportunity to find the answer to the other question why is it happening?
THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION LEVEL
• scientific literature, document analysis - allows you to find out what is already known to the investigated area: what has been done, discovered, to learn about the latest research papers, the contents of documents;
• historical method - used in documents, business description text, which atsispindimos human experiences, the provisions of concepts, experiences, highlighting the historical specificities of the phenomenon under investigation in the context of the times;
• QUALITATIVE CONTENT (content) ANALYSIS METHOD - the material may include various forms of communication (eg, written texts (books, newspapers, magazines, documents, letters), including political messages), instant messenger - open question, written in the text of the interview, the expert assessments.
SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION
• practices - operating mode to achieve the objective, methods of operation:
• Sociological Methods - an information gathering function - (The collection of data on the client);
• Pedagogical methods in social work:
• knowledge, understanding of construction methods, education, counseling, empowerment to act;
• Assent methods;
• Personality in the work methods;
• teaching methods of correction;
Psychological Methods 4: psichodiagnostika, psychological counseling, psychological screening, sweats, autotreningas, behavior, motivation, communication, self-evaluation of the correction methods.
SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION
5th Socio-economic methods in kind and cash assistance, relief, allowance, home service, domestic service, appointment and promotion material like;
6.Organizaciniai solutions-based methods of legislation:
• Regulation - to establish and maintain organizational arrangements, obligations (Orders, Staff Regulations);
• rationing - eg., The number of clients standard of service, service time and the standard of others.;
• Instruction - providing advice, informatikon
SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION
7th Pedagogical Psychology:
• persuasion - an interpretation, advice, reasoning, recommendation, positive sample;
• Psychological adjustment;
• Teaching and training methods;
• Social Therapy - behavioral adjustment measures, ensuring the normal development of personality self-evaluation. There may be individual and group therapy format, family therapy, work therapy, and others.;
SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION
• Social Work methods shall be determined according to the manner and purpose of the social worker organizes a system of interaction with individuals, groups, greater community;
• Traditional social division of labor:
• SOCIAL WORK of the individual - the initial communication, problem-situation analysis, setting goals and objectives, individual relationship with environment and / or you change the overall result Implementation;
• SOCIAL WORK WITH THE GROUP - a group of participants on reflection, debate - (correction model). The social worker is an agent;
• Social work in community - communities, of community development, coordination, organization of companies
SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION
• INDIVIDUAL MANAGEMENT - area of individual social work in recent years, social workers started to call manager (case manager);
• INDIVIDUAL MANAGEMENT - social work method - which involves support services for the individual and the organization and coordination, t, y:
• Data collection and analysis;
• Strategic foresight;
• Social assistance for the monitoring process;
SOCIAL WORK AS A PRACTICAL METHODS OF OPERATION
SOCIAL SUPPORT NETWORK ORGANISATION - relations between the individual pixels, with a specific value system:
• People;
• Places where people gather;
• Actions carried out by the people;
• Links in this case - including the ongoing movement of people to meet each other, visiting places of interest to them or engage in joint activities;
• The social network provides a better understanding of life and individual behavior, use of informal contacts to support goals (include neighbors, vendors, postman, volunteers, etc.).
Questions and self-employment exam
• Social work in a methodological aspect can be dealt with in three ways. Describe the social work methodologies and techniques.
• Choosing social work as a science and a brief description of the methods.
• Choosing social work as a practical method of operation and a brief description.
• What is the individual social work, social work with a group of social work and community?
• Describe the management of individual and social support networks as a way of working.
REFERENTES
Social Work. Introduction of professional activity. Vilnius: Vilnius University, 2007.
4th Social work as a problem-solving process
• TECHNICAL APPROACH - The social worker performs corrective interventions to the client's life situations;
• Social worker - as a doctor or an engineer, implementing preventive or corrective interventions in problematic client situations;
• Measures - work with the (individual), therapeutic interventions, group and community work;
• The social worker - the operator of a facility - the client with their own problems (dementia, mental disability) and use their professional expertise;
• Collaboration with the customer is organized hierarchically - the client is a social worker's recommendations, and links
Social work as a problem-solving process
• Communicative 'ATTITUDE - a social worker form the communicative interaction with the client and the interactions based on co-operation;
• Social worker with the client to decide the problematic situation or relieve;
• To avoid making the subject of user activity;
• The client communication problem developed understanding of the situation;
• object - the client problem (poverty, violence, child protection, dependency);
• Customer self-resolving their problems, with the assistance of a social worker;
• The social worker provides grants and resources;
Social work as a problem-solving process
• Communicative 'ATTITUDE - The social worker performs resource organizer, mentor, social advocate, agent roles;
• strengthening the client's expertise, build customer relationships and social environment;
• Important Mutual trust
• Social worker - an intermediary between the customer and the community;
• Requirements change for the customer and community activities
The process of addressing
• Communicative approach - problem-solving process that:
• not based on "fabricated" in advance the installed models;
• Solutions depend on the specific situation;
• the decision process can be applied prophylactically, the problem still is not at;
• A business model for the solution of problems or to facilitate them;
• Problem solving the problem depends on the details of the nature of the activity infraskstruktūros, from a social worker and client relationships;
STAGES:
HOME • Workaround:
• Customer appeal to the social worker;
• Communication model building;
• Situation analysis;
• Problem identification and definition;
• Anticipation of problem solving;
• Pre-program problem;
B. ENFORCEMENT ISSUES:
7th Problem solving process of adjustment;
8th Treaties and mutual obligations;
9th The operational phase of its regular analysis and evaluation
STAGES:
C. BUSINESS CLOSURE:
1O. Completion of the process;
11th Evaluation;
12th Completion of interoperability and performance assessment;
Problem-solving - the problem is process-oriented real-life circumstances that have not developed a specific technique or technology-based;
In view of the problem, a social worker may be a problem during the process of alternating work and as an individual, group and community employment specialist;
It is important to assess the client to assume the liability
Problem Resolution Process:
• Contains the critical moment:
• Social workers need to know on whose initiative the customer turned to specialists;
• Client preparation work is highly dependent on treatment conditions;
• Customers who are reluctant to engage in problem-solving process - potential unexpected changes in the future;
• Customers can survive on its reputation as a request for assistance;
• The customer may not recognize that there is a problem that requires professional assistance;
Problem Resolution Process:
• The second point - how to tell the customer will be a joint work;
• An important psychological encouragement;
• contact successful - start to look for answers to questions such as:
• How can the problem occur?
• What is the current problem is the problem?
• Does the client want to help? Does he support searches for other people?
• Why does the problem become a problem now?
• What the client feels about your problem?
• What exists in the attitude expressed by the problem? Is it shameful?
Problem Resolution Process:
• at the beginning of the relationship is also important to consider:
• As a customer, and can participate in identifying their own problems;
• What is the social worker's approach for defining the role of the client?
• What social services are involved and able to participate - what are the limits of the activities they provide?
• What are the other professionals involved in client's situation - doctors, nurses, teachers and police?
• What relatives, friends, neighbors, participate in defining the role of the client or the situation?
COMMUNICATION social work
• Social work - as a form of verbal activity requires empatinių social worker skills;
• Empathy is necessary because the client comes from other lifelike space, which is different from the social worker in the world;
• The concepts and values may be alien life customer environment;
• Verbal communication and interpersonal communication can become a social worker's activities on the basis (he does not have the surgeon's scalpel, medicine or engineering techniques!)
• The social worker gathers information, it gives the client and provide recommendations to clarify the problems and situations by reflection;
• are written in the report, creating a database to be used for further activities
COMMUNICATION social work
• Communication forms: verbal, non-verbal, written;
• Important social worker's approach to customer stories, teaching ideas - real life experiences of difference and the discrepancy may be the cause of errors;
• If the information required by the adjustment;
Important • Confidentiality - the client reveals his feelings, experiences and expertise;
• The social worker may be the problem įveliamas emotional relationships that impede the functioning of a professional;
COMMUNICATION social work. Important to realize:
• The social worker and client situations in real life the difference;
• The social worker's experience of difference;
• Factors that hinder communication: noise, strangers and others.
• social worker and the client's emotional state;
• Cultural, sensual nature of the issues;
• fatigue and other similar factors;
• Emotional feelings and mutual relations;
TRANSITION TO PLAN IMPLEMENTATION STAGE
• analysis of the initial phase of defining the problem and purpose - provided the plan execution, the roles:
• Consultant - affect the decisions;
• Organizer - organize the resources needed to solve the problem;
• A lawyer, negotiator, mediator - in conflict situations;
• educator - changing situations and customer lifestyle;
• planner - plan and promote the development, use of information;
• Implemented working with individuals, groups, community approaches
PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION PHASE\
• Starting point - the definition of proactive customer, client and employee social interaction;
• social worker and client contracts or contract (orally or in writing). An oral agreement is difficult to verify details.
• The contract must include points:
• Customer's problem;
• The social worker's activities and resources in line;
• Operational and resource recovery phases;
• formulation of objectives for different time intervals;
• Provision of resources;
• Results measurement and evaluation methods;
• What are the actors and institutions involved in activities;
• The rights and responsibilities;
• Procedural issues and breach of contract
• Business plan and implementation schedule;
• for closure plan
PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
• Particular attention should be paid to the customer indifference and loss of interest in cooperation in order to maintain the partnership process;
• The social worker may be exposed to the client's change in feelings of fear, frustration, reluctance of the process;
• The social worker is important to speak with a customer about the experiences, problems and feelings of the client;
• The social worker is not indifferent to the attack on the client;
• If necessary, work needs to be adjusted in line with customer
PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS OF COMPLETING
• Perform performance analysis and evaluation;
• Objective analysis - the results of training;
• Customer interaction with the social worker examines what they succeeded, what failed to achieve, what resources were insufficient, which causes frustration moments was what pleased;
• the procedural objections and challenges and successful experiences;
• Assessment goal - to complete the preparation of the mutual contact - interpersonal relationships termination;
• Client may feel uncertainty and fear that one of the overcoming of obstacles;
• Customers can empathize with the dependence on the social worker position;
PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS OF COMPLETING
• completion of the process required when a client issues a decision referred to another institution or to another social worker;
• It is important to respect the confidentiality;
• If necessary, agree on a meeting at a later stage to make sure that the customer life things are going well and the results achieved are set out;
PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS AS A CHALLENGE practical training
• A problem solving process that requires certain social skills and abilities:
• Analytical skills - the problems, find solutions, understand the psychological aspects of the problem, assess the problem-solving activities;
• communication skills - various verbal and non-verbal form of communication, emotional control, motivation building, the creation of neutral facts, and ethical behavior;
• Cooperation organizational skills - communication with other support agencies and specialist support, networking support, resource attraction;
REFERENCES
1. Social Work. Introduction of professional activity. Vilnius: Vilnius University, 2007.
2. Johnson, L. Social work practice. The general approach. University, 2001.
Lithuanian and Portuguese education system comparison
As with many other countries worldwide there are two choices for the expatriate parent when Considering Bradford Child's Schooling and the education system in Portugal. Firstly you have the state run education system and Secondly you have a wide variety of private alternatives.
A lot will depend on the location you choose to move to and the catchment area you find yourself in and the reputation of the schools in that catchment area. In recent years the Portuguese education system has received serious criticism and the Government are now addressing some of the more pressing problems affecting schooling. A lot will depend on the location you choose to move to the catchment area and you find yourself in and the reputation of the school catchment area in that I. In recent years the Portuguese education system has received serious Criticism and the Government are now addressing some of the more pressing problems affecting Schooling.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development conducted a survey of schooling across 30 countries last year and its findings proved so embarrassing for Portugal that the Portuguese government can no longer ignore the situation. Not only has their massive under funding resulted in high drop out rates for students but it has also resulted in serious under recruitment of teachers. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Conducted a survey of 30 countries across Schooling last year and the ITA finding proved embarrassing for Portugal so thats the Portuguese government can no longer ignore the situation. Not only has Bradford massive under funding resulted in high drop-out rates for students but it has resulted in serious ook under recruitment of teachers.
Teachers in Portugal are under paid and over worked, most schools don't have sufficient resources to manage the number of pupils they have on their books. Despite the fact that schooling is compulsory for all pupils up to the age of 16, the high drop out rate is resulting in poor literacy and numeracy standards across the country, particularly in some of the more rural and less economically developed areas of the country. Teachers in Portugal are under paid and over worked, most schools do not have sufficient resources to manage the number of usage of THEY have about their books. Despi the fact that I Schooling is compulsory for all usage of up to the age of 16, the high drop out rate is poor resulting in Literacy and Numeracy standards across the country, Particularly in some of the more rural and less economically developed areas of the country.
The report by the OECD revealed that pupils in the state education scheme in Portugal spend fewer hours physically at school being taught than their peers in the other countries surveyed, and they spend fewer years in the state education system as well. All this means that Portugal's youth are currently badly positioned to compete in the global jobs marketplace as few if any of them have the technological experience of computers and the internet for example, and few have an international language like English under their belt either. The report by the OECD revealed That usage of in the state education scheme in Portugal Spend Fewer hours physically at school being taught THAN THEIR peers in the other countries surveyed, and THEY SPEND Fewer years in the state education system as well. All this mean that Portugal's youth are currently badly positioned to Compete in the global marketplace as few jobs if ANY of them have the technological experience of computers and the internet for example, and few have an international language like Lietuvių Bradford belt under trial.
There is encouraging news on one level however; of those pupils who remain in school up to the age of 18 many then go on to university and out of these students a very high percentage will achieve at least a university degree. There is Encouraging news on one level however, of Those Who Remain in usage of school up to the age of 18 many then go on to university and out of these students a very high Percentage Will Achieve at least a university degree.
Expatriate parents moving to Portugal might like to consider some of the private school alternatives available, or the international schools that teach through the medium of English for example. There are private alternatives available for children from nursery level right through to secondary school level. Expatriate parents moving to Portugal Might Like to Consider some of the private school alternatives available, or the international schools that I teach through the medium of Lietuviškai for example. There are private alternatives available for children from nursery level right through to secondary school level.
Don't be totally put off the state system altogether however, for a start the quality of schools varies incredibly with some of the best schools located in the richer economic areas particularly in the Algarve region. Some of the schools there are far better than what you can find in the UK or Germany. Furthermore, the Portuguese government have been sufficiently embarrassed by the findings of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development report and are now investing intensely into the entire education system in Portugal. Do not be totally put off the state system Altogether however, for a start the quality of schools varies INCREDIBLY with some of the best schools located in the economic areas Richer Particularly in the Algarve region. Some of the schools there are far better than what you can find in the UK or Germany. Furthermore, the Portuguese government have been Sufficiently embarrassed by the finding of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development report and are now intensely into the Investing Entire education system in Portugal.
Lithuanian education system
General Information
Lithuania - the largest of the three Baltic states, it is even larger than Belgium, Denmark or Switzerland. Lithuanian area - 65.3 thousand. km2. Lithuania has common borders with Latvia, Belarus, Poland, Russia. The biggest cities - Vilnius (the capital), Kaunas, Klaipeda, Siauliai and Panevezys. The climate is midway between maritime and continental. The average daily temperature in January. -15 ° C in July. +23. Population in Lithuania - ~ 3.7 million., Of which about 70% live in urban areas. According to the nationality of 83.5% of Lithuanians, Poles 6.7%, 6.3% Russians, 3.5% - others. (Belarusian, Latvians, Ukrainians, etc.). The official language is Lithuanian language, which is closely related to Sanskrit and belongs to the Baltic family of Indo-European languages. The main religion - Roman Catholic.
Education Program
Education Program - a pre-defined and organized in a series of educational activities aimed at the intended result. The result is often approved education or qualification certificate. The classification of educational programs is twofold: vertical, hierarchical level indicating the program (pre-school - Pre - Home - Home - Education - higher - higher), and horizontal, showing the program's scope (as well as specialty of course). Below is a hierarchical classification of programs.
Level 0
1st Pre-school education. Purpose - to help the child to meet the behavioral, cultural, and ethnic, social and cognitive needs. Provided to children from 3 to 6 years. 2nd Pre-school education for children with special needs. Provided to children from 3 years old. 3rd Pre-primary education. Purpose - to help prepare your child to learn according to primary education program. Starting a child for the calendar year in which he reaches the age of 6 years. Pre-primary education may be before the parents' request and if the child is mature enough for such a building, but not before he reaches the age of 5 years.
Level 1
1st Primary Education. Purpose - to help a child develop a moral, cultural, and social maturity primers, to acquire a basic literacy, to help him prepare to continue learning in the basic education program. Under this program, developed in 6/7- 10/11 years of age. Program Duration - 4 years old. It consists of a single educational strength, which consists of two puskoncentrių, each with a duration - 2 years old. When you finish this program, people acquire basic education. 2nd Primary education for children with special needs.
Level 2
1st Basic Education. Purpose - to give a person moral, socio-cultural and civic maturity, general literacy, technological literacy, to develop national consciousness, to develop the willingness and ability to make decisions and choices, and learn more. Given to students who have completed primary education. The basic education program duration - 6 years old, it consists of two stages: grades 5-8 and grades 9-10 classes. Once the program is acquired basic education. 2nd Alternative education. Designed nepritapusiems school students. Given to adolescents aged 12-16. 3rd General basic education for children with special needs. 4th Basic vocational education, providing basic education and professional qualifications. Typical duration - 3 years old. Be admitted from the age of 14. Once the program is acquired basic education and professional qualifications. 5th Basic vocational training, providing only professional qualification. Duration 1-2 years.
Be admitted from the age of 14. Once the program gained a professional qualification. 6th Special Needs basic vocational training, providing a professional level I qualifications. Typical duration - 3 years old. Be admitted from the age of 14. Once the program gained a professional qualification. 7th Adult general education. Given 18 years.
Level 3
1st Secondary education. The program for secondary education, prepare to learn a higher level education or vocational training. Provided to persons who have completed primary education. Duration - 2 years old. The program focuses on profiling training, curriculum differentiation. Curriculum structured in two parts: general education core, compulsory for all students, regardless of the type of school providing secondary education, he learns, and the student's chosen curriculum, which depends on the chosen profile. Students can choose one of four sections: humanities, scientific, technological (by vocational schools and technological high schools), arts (provided by School of Arts, National Arts School, conservatories).
After the secondary school curriculum and passing exams, complete secondary education. 2nd Basic vocational education, providing secondary education and professional qualifications Tier III programs. Given to individuals over the age of 16. Typical duration - 4 years old. Graduates complete secondary education and professional qualifications. 3rd Basic vocational training under the Stage II program, providing only professional qualification. Given to individuals over the age of 16. Typical Duration - 3 years old. Once the program gained a professional qualification. 4th Persons with special needs basic training in accordance with Stage II programs. 5th Adult general secondary education. The supply of 18 years.
Level 4
1st Basic training in accordance with Stage IV programs. The supply of completed secondary listen general education or secondary education program. Duration 1-2 years. Once the program gained a professional qualification. 2nd Persons with special needs basic training in accordance with Stage IV programs. Given to individuals over the age of 18. Typical duration - 3 years old.
Level 5
Post-secondary studies. Purpose - to assist a person to acquire higher education and some training and preparation for participation in the labor market and social life of the country. Provided a person has obtained a secondary education and are able to study independently. Higher Education and skills acquired in higher education after the program and defending the thesis (project), and (or) after passing the final exams.
Level 6
Higher Education 1st Basic studies. Undergraduate programs are designed to reflect the theoretical foundations and professional self-employment develop the necessary professional skills. Graduates of university training courses and (or) a bachelor's degree, and graduates of non-university studies - a professional qualification. 2nd Master's studies. Master's degree program designed to prepare the student for independent research or artistic work or work that requires virtesnių knowledge and skills. Accepted earned a bachelor's degree. Program Duration: 1.5-2 years. Graduates are awarded a master's degree. 3rd Professional studies. Designed to better prepare for work, which requires specific practical skills. Individuals who have graduated from university studies. For a certain study course for professional qualification. 4th Integral Studies. Master degree or professional qualification specifically designed studies, coupled with the continuation of undergraduate and graduate university studies. 5th Residency training. For the Government of the study areas who have completed qualifications to prepare individuals to practice self-development. 6th Non-university studies. One step in the practical business-oriented vocational training university, allowing gain on applied research and (or) applied science activities based on professional qualifications.
Level 7
1st Doctorate. Purpose - to train scientists. Individuals who have completed master's degrees or integrated studies. They are studying the individual doctoral program, culminating in the work of researchers - doctoral dissertation. 2nd Studies of Art. Purpose - to develop high school art teachers, as well as the specialization of artists. Final work - art project preparation and defense. Types of Schools Lithuanian schools are divided into groups based on the level and nature programs. The following key groups:
1) General education schools;
2) Vocational schools;
3) High School;
4) Higher education;
5) Additional training (formal education) institutions.
The school is determined by the type of the highest level of formal education program. General education schools consists of the following types of schools:
• Kindergarten-school (primary • education);
• Primary School (Primary Education Programme);
• Secondary school (basic education program, basic and primary education, in individual cases - the first of the basic strength of the curriculum and elementary education program, the first of the basic strength of the curriculum program);
• Youth education (elementary education program); specific child-rearing and nursing homes (primary education, primary and basic education programs);
• Hospital School (primary and primary education);
• Sanatorium schools (primary and primary education);
• Secondary School (secondary education program, secondary education and the second main strength of the curriculum of the program, secondary and elementary education programs, secondary, primary and primary education);
• Gymnasium - secondary school, equivalent to the Government or its authorized institution, the accreditation criteria (a secondary education program, secondary education and the second main strength of the curriculum programs, school education, the second main strength of the curriculum and the International Baccalaureate program, a separate case - a secondary and elementary education programs, secondary, primary and primary education);
• Adult school, adult education center (secondary, primary and primary education, secondary and elementary education programs);
• Education Centre (school, basic, primary and special education programs);
• Special education (secondary, secondary, primary and special education programs, adapted for the secondary, secondary, primary and special education programs);
• Special Education Centre (school, basic, primary and secondary adapted, basic, primary and special education programs);
• Arts, sports education schools (arts, sports education programs).
Lithuania has the following types of vocational training institutions, schools, providing vocational training and general education, theoretical and practical training through vocational training centers and courses, specialized training institutions for persons with special needs (disabled, prisoners, etc.). Superior schools do not distinguish between the types. High schools are of two types - universities and colleges. They can be public or private. Non-formal education institutions is determined by the type of their primary education activities - preschool, children and other non-formal adult education:
• Pre-school education institutions include the type of kindergarten, kindergarten-kindergarten in a manger, as well as the special needs of children in pre-school education for kindergarten, kindergarten and kindergarten-day nurseries;
• Children's Non-formal education (additional education), school type include music, art, arts, sports school, educational center for children with special needs to develop schoolchildren's palace, art center, young naturalists, technicians, station, club, Saturday and Sunday on National Minorities school and so on.;
• Non-formal adult education schools include the type of training center for adults, folk high school, various courses and so on.
Upgrading teacher training and work:
In the knowledge society as substantially to overcome the role of the teacher: the teacher - the holder of knowledge changes the teacher - training organizer, creator of educational opportunities, study collaborators, advisor, partner, mediator between the student and various modern sources of knowledge. On the other hand, the open world of today and should remain a teacher educator, living witness of fact, transferring tradition (the community life of the underlying values they learned) and learning to develop creatively.
Transform teacher training system. Perform training effectiveness assessment system and an international curriculum expertise. Ministry of Education is becoming a real customer training. Establishes training standards and their implementation strategies. Entered the teaching qualification exams for high school doors.
Transform teacher training system. It is compatible with the progressive training scheme: it combines the study modules and a single teacher qualifications and the recognition system. Teacher training and development system kvalifikaijos targeted to today's teacher of values and the necessary strengthening of the general skills and competencies of the grant.
Strengthens the role of teacher, extended his responsibilities and make. Teacher's help to gain new - learning assistant, organizer, moderator, a partner - the role. Developed and implemented ligalaikė teacher salary increase program.
PORTUGUESE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMCountry profile
Political status -, the party's name - the Portuguese Republic. The capital and largest city - Lisbon to 2,618,100 people. Next big city - Porto with 264,200 inhabitants.
After its close the 15-th - 16 th centuries, Portugal lost much of his wealth and fame in 1755 after the destruction of Lisbon by the earthquake. The negative impact on the welfare of the country was the occupation of the Napoleonic Wars and in Brazil as a colony, a loss in 1822. 1910 revolution overthrew the monarchy and six decades, repressive governments ruled the country. 1974 Left-wing military coup launched a wide-ranging democratic reforms. In recent years, Portugal granted independence to its African colonies. In 1986 it joined the EU.
Geography
Portugal occupies the western part of the Iberian Peninsula and is slightly below Indiana state, its area - 92,391 km2. Party crossed three major rivers that begin in Spain, flows into the Atlantic ocean and the land divided into three geographical sections. Minho River is part of the northern border and flows through the mountain range that extends to the vicinity of the Douro River. To the south of the Douro River Mountains slant pass into plains, rolling along the Tejo River. The remaining area is the southern part of the Alentejo. Azores Islands are about 547 km from the mainland into the Atlantic Ocean. They took nine islands that make up 2335 km2. Madeira consists of two inhabited islands Madeira and Porto Santo and two groups of unsettled island. These islands in the Atlantic Ocean, 861 km southwest of Lisbon. The continent, Portugal is 1,214 km border with Spain, and its coastline stretches 1,793 km.
The Portuguese climate - the average marine. North of the country is cool and rainy in the south - warm and dry. The lowest point - in the Atlantic Ocean (0 m), the highest level - Ponta do Pico in the Azores (2351 m).
Portuguese Natural resources - fish, cork tree forests, tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble, arable land, hydropower. Arable land is 20.57% of the territory, earth Hydrating - 6320 km2.
Population
2003 July. data resides in Portugal 10,102,022 inhabitants. The population growth rate for that day - 0.17%, the birth rate - 11.45 / 1000 pop., Mortality rate - 10.21 / 1000gyv. Average age: male - 72.86 years, female - 80.07 years. Language - Portuguese. Ethnic composition - a homogeneous group of people in the Mediterranean countries on the continent and the Azores and Madeira Islands; black African origin population immigrated to the decolonization process. The latter number - less than 100 000.
Religious orientation - 94% Roman Catholic, Protestant. In addition to the official Portuguese language, speech and language miranda, which is also official, but is used in local regions.
Culture
Portuguese architecture and is known for siurial principal interest. Architecture reached a peak in the 16th century, when decoration was used in twisted, helter-, sea-like details. Portuguese people well-known form of music - melancholic fado, originating from the 16th century seaman songs. Traditional folk dances remained popular only in the province. The most impressive craft - decorative tile azujelos production. The Portuguese had learned the technique from the Moors.
Portuguese rich literary tradition as well as to the age of 16, when the playwright Gil Vicente allowed the drama and poet Luís de Camões poems. There is no doubt a prime national poet and playwright, has emerged in the 20th century is Fernando Pessoa.
Portuguese food is cheap and excellent. Classic Portuguese meals are sardinhas Assad (on a charcoal-grilled sardines), pastéis de Bacalhau (potato cakes with mussels) and caldo verde (cabbage and potato soup). Seafood dishes such as linguado grelhado (grilled sole) and bife de Atum (tuna steak) - is evocative of appetite food. Oral meals are of excellent quality Portuguese wines or Ports - a drink that is synonymous with Portugal.
Basic education in Portugal are:
1st Freedom of religion (of all religious teaching is permitted, and financed by the state. Most of them are Catholics); 2nd Learning, training and establishing the freedom of private schools; 3rd Education is a democratic outcome. It is not just the Ministry of Education, but also of other bodies, (teachers' associations, cultural associations, labor centers, labor unions, universities: research and technological innovation).
Training in Portugal
• Pre-school education is not compulsory and divided in two parts. Up to 3 years and 3-6 years. Education in less formal, based on the activity and game strategy. Maximum number of children in the class 20-25.
• Basic education is compulsory in Portugal. He made three cycles:
• 1 - Fourth-starting 1-4 in Class 6 to 10 year olds who are over 25 hours a week studying.
• 2 - Second-5 - 6th Grade. These classes of students are 17 weekly lessons of 90 minutes.
• 3 - nd 7-9 classes, where students study 18 weeks. lessons of 90 minutes.
• Secondary education consists of a single-cycle 10-12 class 15 - 18 years of age.
Professional Training
Vocational training in Portugal is a very important link in the education system. This school has an administrative, financial and academic autonomy. His program consists of modules: 1st socio-cultural component;
2nd science component; 3rd technical, technological and practical component.
The main areas of dominant-administration, accounting, agriculture, electronics, etc.. The country has a number of private vocational schools, which are often connected to the secondary schools. They can go to everyone, especially given that private schools are financed from the state budget.
As in Lithuania, vocational training in Portugal has 4 steps. School programs are designed to enable graduates to be motivated to work in their country to develop its business in an activity, production, consistent with national needs. However, to start their own business, to implement innovative ideas often lack the financial resources. Finally, near the vocational school students in general education subjects as vocational qualifications, which rated 20 points system. Exams are held either in writing or orally. Considered the pre-professional test. The student must prepare and deliver your specialty project, which is reflected in his professionalism, skills, ingenuity and creativity.
The State invests heavily in training, where theory is combined with practice. Learners receive a course attendance certificate. Number of pupils attending schools in the country on these reductions, which, when not appearing at school or training students heard. These children's parents is not very concerned about their science education. Parents, as often happens to us, neprisišauksi to school so that you can jointly tackle the problems. It is therefore very important role of social workers, psychologists, educators.
Amar Terra Verde, a vocational school teaching in the arts, commerce, electronics, and energy, social work, and guide services, hotels, restaurants and valet managers and others. specialties. We had to observe some classes, for example. cooking lesson (group of 23 students and managers) have been produced food, which will then be marketed in the school canteen. Production was immediately a number of dishes, namely to the extent that the day will be delivered for sale in the canteen. Each group of students know their work and work independently under the supervision of the Head. It is a kind of theoretical practice in the classroom. Study subjects during the week they have 19 hours: 7 am. for the optional (2 hrs. - Theory, 5 pm .- practices, ie, serving, decorating, design, etc.). and two days after 6 pm. work in the canteen. Every year, after 5 weeks of the school year students have their practice in enterprises. Other groups that serviravo tables and served the guests, the work has been consistently observed not only in teaching practice, but a representative from the hotel, with a half-time at school, who also advised the students. And had to watch it being lead a workshop, which was to cook "Margaret" (instead of alcohol was only water.).
Fontes Pereira de Melo vocational school children learn, most of which are called "heavier behavior." This school, which houses 840 students and employs 140 teachers. Students are prepared for upper school or the labor center, which wants more and more skilled workers with more knowledge, ability, opportunity. Since it is difficult to find a job, it is essential to change, grow.
About 70 per cent. vocational school graduates employed by the selected and available to the specialty. In this school pupils in classes of mechanics working on engines, machinery, destroy them, repairs them. Computer room, they are trained not only in computer literacy, but also tries to introduce computer architecture, operating principles, and other biases. This has already worn out computers undermining the rule, together, etc. Even the English language that these children is not yet pay for lessons on the computer. The computer-learning tools and basic math lesson. It is clear that the modernization of vocational education and training environment, student learning zoom closer to here is one of the priorities.
Higher Education
Tertiary education provides: 1st Bachelor's (some universities) degree. 2nd Full education. 3rd Master's degree. 4th Doctoral degree.
Bachelor's degrees and others:• Higher education in particular, offers a bachelor's degree and a complete education. Full education longer meets the academic training program and lasts for four years. Meanwhile, three undergraduate studies. Degrees can be organized in two phases: the first bachelor's degree is granted, then the next, lasting one or two measurements of undergraduate studies, received full training. • Higher education includes the four ancient universities (Lisbon, Coimbra, Oporto and Lisbon Technical University), six new higher education institutions, as well as the Catholic University of Lisbon. It is important that all institutes, schools and academies, such as: Institute of Applied Psychology, Social Welfare Institute, the Social Welfare Institute in Lisbon and Porto, Engineering, Horticulture College and the other is the component of higher education in Portugal elements.
A lot will depend on the location you choose to move to and the catchment area you find yourself in and the reputation of the schools in that catchment area. In recent years the Portuguese education system has received serious criticism and the Government are now addressing some of the more pressing problems affecting schooling. A lot will depend on the location you choose to move to the catchment area and you find yourself in and the reputation of the school catchment area in that I. In recent years the Portuguese education system has received serious Criticism and the Government are now addressing some of the more pressing problems affecting Schooling.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development conducted a survey of schooling across 30 countries last year and its findings proved so embarrassing for Portugal that the Portuguese government can no longer ignore the situation. Not only has their massive under funding resulted in high drop out rates for students but it has also resulted in serious under recruitment of teachers. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Conducted a survey of 30 countries across Schooling last year and the ITA finding proved embarrassing for Portugal so thats the Portuguese government can no longer ignore the situation. Not only has Bradford massive under funding resulted in high drop-out rates for students but it has resulted in serious ook under recruitment of teachers.
Teachers in Portugal are under paid and over worked, most schools don't have sufficient resources to manage the number of pupils they have on their books. Despite the fact that schooling is compulsory for all pupils up to the age of 16, the high drop out rate is resulting in poor literacy and numeracy standards across the country, particularly in some of the more rural and less economically developed areas of the country. Teachers in Portugal are under paid and over worked, most schools do not have sufficient resources to manage the number of usage of THEY have about their books. Despi the fact that I Schooling is compulsory for all usage of up to the age of 16, the high drop out rate is poor resulting in Literacy and Numeracy standards across the country, Particularly in some of the more rural and less economically developed areas of the country.
The report by the OECD revealed that pupils in the state education scheme in Portugal spend fewer hours physically at school being taught than their peers in the other countries surveyed, and they spend fewer years in the state education system as well. All this means that Portugal's youth are currently badly positioned to compete in the global jobs marketplace as few if any of them have the technological experience of computers and the internet for example, and few have an international language like English under their belt either. The report by the OECD revealed That usage of in the state education scheme in Portugal Spend Fewer hours physically at school being taught THAN THEIR peers in the other countries surveyed, and THEY SPEND Fewer years in the state education system as well. All this mean that Portugal's youth are currently badly positioned to Compete in the global marketplace as few jobs if ANY of them have the technological experience of computers and the internet for example, and few have an international language like Lietuvių Bradford belt under trial.
There is encouraging news on one level however; of those pupils who remain in school up to the age of 18 many then go on to university and out of these students a very high percentage will achieve at least a university degree. There is Encouraging news on one level however, of Those Who Remain in usage of school up to the age of 18 many then go on to university and out of these students a very high Percentage Will Achieve at least a university degree.
Expatriate parents moving to Portugal might like to consider some of the private school alternatives available, or the international schools that teach through the medium of English for example. There are private alternatives available for children from nursery level right through to secondary school level. Expatriate parents moving to Portugal Might Like to Consider some of the private school alternatives available, or the international schools that I teach through the medium of Lietuviškai for example. There are private alternatives available for children from nursery level right through to secondary school level.
Don't be totally put off the state system altogether however, for a start the quality of schools varies incredibly with some of the best schools located in the richer economic areas particularly in the Algarve region. Some of the schools there are far better than what you can find in the UK or Germany. Furthermore, the Portuguese government have been sufficiently embarrassed by the findings of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development report and are now investing intensely into the entire education system in Portugal. Do not be totally put off the state system Altogether however, for a start the quality of schools varies INCREDIBLY with some of the best schools located in the economic areas Richer Particularly in the Algarve region. Some of the schools there are far better than what you can find in the UK or Germany. Furthermore, the Portuguese government have been Sufficiently embarrassed by the finding of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development report and are now intensely into the Investing Entire education system in Portugal.
Lithuanian education system
General Information
Lithuania - the largest of the three Baltic states, it is even larger than Belgium, Denmark or Switzerland. Lithuanian area - 65.3 thousand. km2. Lithuania has common borders with Latvia, Belarus, Poland, Russia. The biggest cities - Vilnius (the capital), Kaunas, Klaipeda, Siauliai and Panevezys. The climate is midway between maritime and continental. The average daily temperature in January. -15 ° C in July. +23. Population in Lithuania - ~ 3.7 million., Of which about 70% live in urban areas. According to the nationality of 83.5% of Lithuanians, Poles 6.7%, 6.3% Russians, 3.5% - others. (Belarusian, Latvians, Ukrainians, etc.). The official language is Lithuanian language, which is closely related to Sanskrit and belongs to the Baltic family of Indo-European languages. The main religion - Roman Catholic.
Education Program
Education Program - a pre-defined and organized in a series of educational activities aimed at the intended result. The result is often approved education or qualification certificate. The classification of educational programs is twofold: vertical, hierarchical level indicating the program (pre-school - Pre - Home - Home - Education - higher - higher), and horizontal, showing the program's scope (as well as specialty of course). Below is a hierarchical classification of programs.
Level 0
1st Pre-school education. Purpose - to help the child to meet the behavioral, cultural, and ethnic, social and cognitive needs. Provided to children from 3 to 6 years. 2nd Pre-school education for children with special needs. Provided to children from 3 years old. 3rd Pre-primary education. Purpose - to help prepare your child to learn according to primary education program. Starting a child for the calendar year in which he reaches the age of 6 years. Pre-primary education may be before the parents' request and if the child is mature enough for such a building, but not before he reaches the age of 5 years.
Level 1
1st Primary Education. Purpose - to help a child develop a moral, cultural, and social maturity primers, to acquire a basic literacy, to help him prepare to continue learning in the basic education program. Under this program, developed in 6/7- 10/11 years of age. Program Duration - 4 years old. It consists of a single educational strength, which consists of two puskoncentrių, each with a duration - 2 years old. When you finish this program, people acquire basic education. 2nd Primary education for children with special needs.
Level 2
1st Basic Education. Purpose - to give a person moral, socio-cultural and civic maturity, general literacy, technological literacy, to develop national consciousness, to develop the willingness and ability to make decisions and choices, and learn more. Given to students who have completed primary education. The basic education program duration - 6 years old, it consists of two stages: grades 5-8 and grades 9-10 classes. Once the program is acquired basic education. 2nd Alternative education. Designed nepritapusiems school students. Given to adolescents aged 12-16. 3rd General basic education for children with special needs. 4th Basic vocational education, providing basic education and professional qualifications. Typical duration - 3 years old. Be admitted from the age of 14. Once the program is acquired basic education and professional qualifications. 5th Basic vocational training, providing only professional qualification. Duration 1-2 years.
Be admitted from the age of 14. Once the program gained a professional qualification. 6th Special Needs basic vocational training, providing a professional level I qualifications. Typical duration - 3 years old. Be admitted from the age of 14. Once the program gained a professional qualification. 7th Adult general education. Given 18 years.
Level 3
1st Secondary education. The program for secondary education, prepare to learn a higher level education or vocational training. Provided to persons who have completed primary education. Duration - 2 years old. The program focuses on profiling training, curriculum differentiation. Curriculum structured in two parts: general education core, compulsory for all students, regardless of the type of school providing secondary education, he learns, and the student's chosen curriculum, which depends on the chosen profile. Students can choose one of four sections: humanities, scientific, technological (by vocational schools and technological high schools), arts (provided by School of Arts, National Arts School, conservatories).
After the secondary school curriculum and passing exams, complete secondary education. 2nd Basic vocational education, providing secondary education and professional qualifications Tier III programs. Given to individuals over the age of 16. Typical duration - 4 years old. Graduates complete secondary education and professional qualifications. 3rd Basic vocational training under the Stage II program, providing only professional qualification. Given to individuals over the age of 16. Typical Duration - 3 years old. Once the program gained a professional qualification. 4th Persons with special needs basic training in accordance with Stage II programs. 5th Adult general secondary education. The supply of 18 years.
Level 4
1st Basic training in accordance with Stage IV programs. The supply of completed secondary listen general education or secondary education program. Duration 1-2 years. Once the program gained a professional qualification. 2nd Persons with special needs basic training in accordance with Stage IV programs. Given to individuals over the age of 18. Typical duration - 3 years old.
Level 5
Post-secondary studies. Purpose - to assist a person to acquire higher education and some training and preparation for participation in the labor market and social life of the country. Provided a person has obtained a secondary education and are able to study independently. Higher Education and skills acquired in higher education after the program and defending the thesis (project), and (or) after passing the final exams.
Level 6
Higher Education 1st Basic studies. Undergraduate programs are designed to reflect the theoretical foundations and professional self-employment develop the necessary professional skills. Graduates of university training courses and (or) a bachelor's degree, and graduates of non-university studies - a professional qualification. 2nd Master's studies. Master's degree program designed to prepare the student for independent research or artistic work or work that requires virtesnių knowledge and skills. Accepted earned a bachelor's degree. Program Duration: 1.5-2 years. Graduates are awarded a master's degree. 3rd Professional studies. Designed to better prepare for work, which requires specific practical skills. Individuals who have graduated from university studies. For a certain study course for professional qualification. 4th Integral Studies. Master degree or professional qualification specifically designed studies, coupled with the continuation of undergraduate and graduate university studies. 5th Residency training. For the Government of the study areas who have completed qualifications to prepare individuals to practice self-development. 6th Non-university studies. One step in the practical business-oriented vocational training university, allowing gain on applied research and (or) applied science activities based on professional qualifications.
Level 7
1st Doctorate. Purpose - to train scientists. Individuals who have completed master's degrees or integrated studies. They are studying the individual doctoral program, culminating in the work of researchers - doctoral dissertation. 2nd Studies of Art. Purpose - to develop high school art teachers, as well as the specialization of artists. Final work - art project preparation and defense. Types of Schools Lithuanian schools are divided into groups based on the level and nature programs. The following key groups:
1) General education schools;
2) Vocational schools;
3) High School;
4) Higher education;
5) Additional training (formal education) institutions.
The school is determined by the type of the highest level of formal education program. General education schools consists of the following types of schools:
• Kindergarten-school (primary • education);
• Primary School (Primary Education Programme);
• Secondary school (basic education program, basic and primary education, in individual cases - the first of the basic strength of the curriculum and elementary education program, the first of the basic strength of the curriculum program);
• Youth education (elementary education program); specific child-rearing and nursing homes (primary education, primary and basic education programs);
• Hospital School (primary and primary education);
• Sanatorium schools (primary and primary education);
• Secondary School (secondary education program, secondary education and the second main strength of the curriculum of the program, secondary and elementary education programs, secondary, primary and primary education);
• Gymnasium - secondary school, equivalent to the Government or its authorized institution, the accreditation criteria (a secondary education program, secondary education and the second main strength of the curriculum programs, school education, the second main strength of the curriculum and the International Baccalaureate program, a separate case - a secondary and elementary education programs, secondary, primary and primary education);
• Adult school, adult education center (secondary, primary and primary education, secondary and elementary education programs);
• Education Centre (school, basic, primary and special education programs);
• Special education (secondary, secondary, primary and special education programs, adapted for the secondary, secondary, primary and special education programs);
• Special Education Centre (school, basic, primary and secondary adapted, basic, primary and special education programs);
• Arts, sports education schools (arts, sports education programs).
Lithuania has the following types of vocational training institutions, schools, providing vocational training and general education, theoretical and practical training through vocational training centers and courses, specialized training institutions for persons with special needs (disabled, prisoners, etc.). Superior schools do not distinguish between the types. High schools are of two types - universities and colleges. They can be public or private. Non-formal education institutions is determined by the type of their primary education activities - preschool, children and other non-formal adult education:
• Pre-school education institutions include the type of kindergarten, kindergarten-kindergarten in a manger, as well as the special needs of children in pre-school education for kindergarten, kindergarten and kindergarten-day nurseries;
• Children's Non-formal education (additional education), school type include music, art, arts, sports school, educational center for children with special needs to develop schoolchildren's palace, art center, young naturalists, technicians, station, club, Saturday and Sunday on National Minorities school and so on.;
• Non-formal adult education schools include the type of training center for adults, folk high school, various courses and so on.
Upgrading teacher training and work:
In the knowledge society as substantially to overcome the role of the teacher: the teacher - the holder of knowledge changes the teacher - training organizer, creator of educational opportunities, study collaborators, advisor, partner, mediator between the student and various modern sources of knowledge. On the other hand, the open world of today and should remain a teacher educator, living witness of fact, transferring tradition (the community life of the underlying values they learned) and learning to develop creatively.
Transform teacher training system. Perform training effectiveness assessment system and an international curriculum expertise. Ministry of Education is becoming a real customer training. Establishes training standards and their implementation strategies. Entered the teaching qualification exams for high school doors.
Transform teacher training system. It is compatible with the progressive training scheme: it combines the study modules and a single teacher qualifications and the recognition system. Teacher training and development system kvalifikaijos targeted to today's teacher of values and the necessary strengthening of the general skills and competencies of the grant.
Strengthens the role of teacher, extended his responsibilities and make. Teacher's help to gain new - learning assistant, organizer, moderator, a partner - the role. Developed and implemented ligalaikė teacher salary increase program.
PORTUGUESE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMCountry profile
Political status -, the party's name - the Portuguese Republic. The capital and largest city - Lisbon to 2,618,100 people. Next big city - Porto with 264,200 inhabitants.
After its close the 15-th - 16 th centuries, Portugal lost much of his wealth and fame in 1755 after the destruction of Lisbon by the earthquake. The negative impact on the welfare of the country was the occupation of the Napoleonic Wars and in Brazil as a colony, a loss in 1822. 1910 revolution overthrew the monarchy and six decades, repressive governments ruled the country. 1974 Left-wing military coup launched a wide-ranging democratic reforms. In recent years, Portugal granted independence to its African colonies. In 1986 it joined the EU.
Geography
Portugal occupies the western part of the Iberian Peninsula and is slightly below Indiana state, its area - 92,391 km2. Party crossed three major rivers that begin in Spain, flows into the Atlantic ocean and the land divided into three geographical sections. Minho River is part of the northern border and flows through the mountain range that extends to the vicinity of the Douro River. To the south of the Douro River Mountains slant pass into plains, rolling along the Tejo River. The remaining area is the southern part of the Alentejo. Azores Islands are about 547 km from the mainland into the Atlantic Ocean. They took nine islands that make up 2335 km2. Madeira consists of two inhabited islands Madeira and Porto Santo and two groups of unsettled island. These islands in the Atlantic Ocean, 861 km southwest of Lisbon. The continent, Portugal is 1,214 km border with Spain, and its coastline stretches 1,793 km.
The Portuguese climate - the average marine. North of the country is cool and rainy in the south - warm and dry. The lowest point - in the Atlantic Ocean (0 m), the highest level - Ponta do Pico in the Azores (2351 m).
Portuguese Natural resources - fish, cork tree forests, tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble, arable land, hydropower. Arable land is 20.57% of the territory, earth Hydrating - 6320 km2.
Population
2003 July. data resides in Portugal 10,102,022 inhabitants. The population growth rate for that day - 0.17%, the birth rate - 11.45 / 1000 pop., Mortality rate - 10.21 / 1000gyv. Average age: male - 72.86 years, female - 80.07 years. Language - Portuguese. Ethnic composition - a homogeneous group of people in the Mediterranean countries on the continent and the Azores and Madeira Islands; black African origin population immigrated to the decolonization process. The latter number - less than 100 000.
Religious orientation - 94% Roman Catholic, Protestant. In addition to the official Portuguese language, speech and language miranda, which is also official, but is used in local regions.
Culture
Portuguese architecture and is known for siurial principal interest. Architecture reached a peak in the 16th century, when decoration was used in twisted, helter-, sea-like details. Portuguese people well-known form of music - melancholic fado, originating from the 16th century seaman songs. Traditional folk dances remained popular only in the province. The most impressive craft - decorative tile azujelos production. The Portuguese had learned the technique from the Moors.
Portuguese rich literary tradition as well as to the age of 16, when the playwright Gil Vicente allowed the drama and poet Luís de Camões poems. There is no doubt a prime national poet and playwright, has emerged in the 20th century is Fernando Pessoa.
Portuguese food is cheap and excellent. Classic Portuguese meals are sardinhas Assad (on a charcoal-grilled sardines), pastéis de Bacalhau (potato cakes with mussels) and caldo verde (cabbage and potato soup). Seafood dishes such as linguado grelhado (grilled sole) and bife de Atum (tuna steak) - is evocative of appetite food. Oral meals are of excellent quality Portuguese wines or Ports - a drink that is synonymous with Portugal.
Basic education in Portugal are:
1st Freedom of religion (of all religious teaching is permitted, and financed by the state. Most of them are Catholics); 2nd Learning, training and establishing the freedom of private schools; 3rd Education is a democratic outcome. It is not just the Ministry of Education, but also of other bodies, (teachers' associations, cultural associations, labor centers, labor unions, universities: research and technological innovation).
Training in Portugal
• Pre-school education is not compulsory and divided in two parts. Up to 3 years and 3-6 years. Education in less formal, based on the activity and game strategy. Maximum number of children in the class 20-25.
• Basic education is compulsory in Portugal. He made three cycles:
• 1 - Fourth-starting 1-4 in Class 6 to 10 year olds who are over 25 hours a week studying.
• 2 - Second-5 - 6th Grade. These classes of students are 17 weekly lessons of 90 minutes.
• 3 - nd 7-9 classes, where students study 18 weeks. lessons of 90 minutes.
• Secondary education consists of a single-cycle 10-12 class 15 - 18 years of age.
Professional Training
Vocational training in Portugal is a very important link in the education system. This school has an administrative, financial and academic autonomy. His program consists of modules: 1st socio-cultural component;
2nd science component; 3rd technical, technological and practical component.
The main areas of dominant-administration, accounting, agriculture, electronics, etc.. The country has a number of private vocational schools, which are often connected to the secondary schools. They can go to everyone, especially given that private schools are financed from the state budget.
As in Lithuania, vocational training in Portugal has 4 steps. School programs are designed to enable graduates to be motivated to work in their country to develop its business in an activity, production, consistent with national needs. However, to start their own business, to implement innovative ideas often lack the financial resources. Finally, near the vocational school students in general education subjects as vocational qualifications, which rated 20 points system. Exams are held either in writing or orally. Considered the pre-professional test. The student must prepare and deliver your specialty project, which is reflected in his professionalism, skills, ingenuity and creativity.
The State invests heavily in training, where theory is combined with practice. Learners receive a course attendance certificate. Number of pupils attending schools in the country on these reductions, which, when not appearing at school or training students heard. These children's parents is not very concerned about their science education. Parents, as often happens to us, neprisišauksi to school so that you can jointly tackle the problems. It is therefore very important role of social workers, psychologists, educators.
Amar Terra Verde, a vocational school teaching in the arts, commerce, electronics, and energy, social work, and guide services, hotels, restaurants and valet managers and others. specialties. We had to observe some classes, for example. cooking lesson (group of 23 students and managers) have been produced food, which will then be marketed in the school canteen. Production was immediately a number of dishes, namely to the extent that the day will be delivered for sale in the canteen. Each group of students know their work and work independently under the supervision of the Head. It is a kind of theoretical practice in the classroom. Study subjects during the week they have 19 hours: 7 am. for the optional (2 hrs. - Theory, 5 pm .- practices, ie, serving, decorating, design, etc.). and two days after 6 pm. work in the canteen. Every year, after 5 weeks of the school year students have their practice in enterprises. Other groups that serviravo tables and served the guests, the work has been consistently observed not only in teaching practice, but a representative from the hotel, with a half-time at school, who also advised the students. And had to watch it being lead a workshop, which was to cook "Margaret" (instead of alcohol was only water.).
Fontes Pereira de Melo vocational school children learn, most of which are called "heavier behavior." This school, which houses 840 students and employs 140 teachers. Students are prepared for upper school or the labor center, which wants more and more skilled workers with more knowledge, ability, opportunity. Since it is difficult to find a job, it is essential to change, grow.
About 70 per cent. vocational school graduates employed by the selected and available to the specialty. In this school pupils in classes of mechanics working on engines, machinery, destroy them, repairs them. Computer room, they are trained not only in computer literacy, but also tries to introduce computer architecture, operating principles, and other biases. This has already worn out computers undermining the rule, together, etc. Even the English language that these children is not yet pay for lessons on the computer. The computer-learning tools and basic math lesson. It is clear that the modernization of vocational education and training environment, student learning zoom closer to here is one of the priorities.
Higher Education
Tertiary education provides: 1st Bachelor's (some universities) degree. 2nd Full education. 3rd Master's degree. 4th Doctoral degree.
Bachelor's degrees and others:• Higher education in particular, offers a bachelor's degree and a complete education. Full education longer meets the academic training program and lasts for four years. Meanwhile, three undergraduate studies. Degrees can be organized in two phases: the first bachelor's degree is granted, then the next, lasting one or two measurements of undergraduate studies, received full training. • Higher education includes the four ancient universities (Lisbon, Coimbra, Oporto and Lisbon Technical University), six new higher education institutions, as well as the Catholic University of Lisbon. It is important that all institutes, schools and academies, such as: Institute of Applied Psychology, Social Welfare Institute, the Social Welfare Institute in Lisbon and Porto, Engineering, Horticulture College and the other is the component of higher education in Portugal elements.
Education in Lithuana 2
Education system covers all of human cultivation, training, education, training, educational institutions, organizations, formal and informal teams, groups, formed in the operation of social, historical, cultural context, the economic and political order. Education depends on the class composition of society and the cultural level (due to the formation of human personality all its surrounding environment in which people live, work, communicate). Education - social, historical category and one of the most important social activities, intergenerational succession is guaranteed in all areas of life. Education - is appropriate and targeted teacher and his people ugdomųjų overall activity for the last personality to develop and improve. Education system – state - organized people in education and training institutions exists for the purpose - to prepare for human life, to adapt it to the social conditions of social life in the light of the existing education, training standards. Educational systems in different countries are different. Kylanyt with expanding public culture and education, covering a longer period of human ontogenesis, from prie - school and baigint maturity, or even retirement. Various branches of science and scientists visuomemės representatives of organized education and stressing the importance of education can not agree on the educational use of the system and its local state, society. Some argue that the state society can not progress without the elite. (Elite - a driving force for progress). The proposed education and training based on strict selection of students intellectual skills, as education, the school may not be uniform and equal for everyone. Elementeri classes for school, elite - higher education, a comprehensive scientific and artistic knowledge. Only school, which houses a selection, intellectually gifted people can progress in the public school garantuotidabartinės take over the church, philosophy, capital, family, business and other factors functions. Thus, it takes young people and socialize, the whole society. According to their current school is a "thing of the past, the need for new schools.Current teachers, on the other hand, the school merged with the future life as organized training school does not attract students, young people. It is proposed to shorten training time, training jumgti with practical activities. It is believed that the future of students enrolled in school, work, businesses. Teach students not only pedegogai, but also other fields. So the school and practical work blurred. Young people will be prepared for life, very socialized life.These and other modern pedegoginės directions to a variety of different interpretation of the concept of social education. Most of the teachers actually teaching the educational and social significance, as well as educational content and structure. It is argued that young people socialize present terms for two important tasks – self - raising responsibilities, namely, personal training, education, training and responsibility to others, ie, personal social moral upbringing. These objectives were addressed school alone fails. In addition to the school in the education process must involve a number of other educational institutions, voluntary agencies, cultural institutions, as well as parents and society.Permanent education and training - one of the most current pedagogical ideas. They have been associated with children and youth in school and people working in formal education (organized training) and informal (disorganized education), public institutional framework, enhancing skills and developing outlook.Permanentinial building proposed to be used not only for the current school and work, and leisure but to rely on social and cultural policy requires coordination between all institutions that have an impact on public education activities. This means that ugymas must include not only children, but in general people in ontogenesis stage. The primary goal of education - personal adaptation to existing social conditions.The school education systemEducation system consists of an organized society and the state of education and training institutions: nurseries, kindergartens, secondary and special secondary schools, vocational technical, higher education, as well as the Schoolchildren's Palace, the various (technicians, naturalists, tourists), etc. Stations Central element in developing the younger generation, a man took a socializuojant school, which acquired systemic literacy education from elementary to modern science and production levels.
Prie - School EducationHuman learning, its integration into society, starting from birth. Already in early childhood, the child began an organic relationship with adults. Since then, the child learns, stores personal experience that it comes in handy later accompanied him through life. Early childhood experience of the importance of integrating children into society, stressed the ancient Greek philosophers. Plato argued that children from birth must take care of the State, the organization of special education institutions are state appointed women - nurse played with children in various games, track them tales that are tailored to the child's age, they are shaped and supervised by the State needed someone.In practice, prie - school education have posted one of the first realized, R. Owen, established his factory workers' children from the age of one education authority - the kindergarten. Teachers, doctors, psychologists data, today claimed that early childhood - a vital stage of development. Therefore, prie - school age children develop a strong focus in the form of family support, and expanded preschool education institutions network. The aim is to not only educate children sensomotoric the language, but also to prepare them for civic life, namely, to integrate into society in the broad sense of the word.The school as a human body socializmScience gives impetus to the progress of mankind. In addition to the development of science and technology today, it is not possible, practical human evolution. Science main character and his heart - the scientific information, its quantitative and qualitative growth, which in our times has reached a level not seen throughout the history of mankind. Central element in educating a man to improve his inner intellectual world, took the formal education institutions, which constitute the core of school, school system. In-service training is necessary for the preparation of the younger generation gyvenymui ensure its mental development, whereas the school learns shoolchildren consistently and systematically, to acquire knowledge systems, specifically to monitor the track of life. The organization of the school of education and training process is headed by a specially trained people - teachers who organize the learning in the tailored training - training plans, programs, training tools (manuals, additional sources). The school prepares students for modern public life. It prepares the young for life, always take into account the new social, scientific and practical requirements of life. The school, detached from life, it becomes unpopular. The development of the society and the school must change.In addition, the school, its content, the challenges do not only lead to public cultural - scientific - technical - economic išsivystimo level, but state and political system as well as other factors.SCHOOL factors affectingSocial structure of public culture, education levelSCHOOLNational policy of national economySchool after the family nursery - kindergarten is the first public institution whose purpose - to prepare for human life, namely, to socialize, that he would join the society. According to A. Maceina child's education starts a family, but it has failed to develop it as much as the confusing times of our lives. She comes to the rescue school. Between family and school, the child's education is a close relationship. The family of the individual to better prepare, the school work becomes easier and more productive. By contrast, the education is inferior to the family, at school, it becomes more difficult and thus needs now.The school must fill in gaps in family work.According to A. Maceina now properly draw up a new family for life, not only because it sometimes does not carry out his duties, but also because they are unable to properly perform. Life today is so diverse and complex that the family circle is too narrow and simple in that it went from person to fruitful work in the broad and complex areas of life. The school - a historical category, developments, the emergence of the public. First school is located in East (China, Babylonia, Austria). Egyptian school goal - to prepare priests, scribes. Over time, these countries and to expand school curriculum (for measurements, observation of celestial bodies, construction and art, etc.).Learn the name first used by Greeks VIa. Ave. Christ. The Greeks first established a solid school system, tailored to different age and education for children and young people. Lithuanian Soviet Encyclopedia, Lithuania has established the first school in the 1387m. at Vilnius Cathedral. Grant,. acted in Trakai, Varniu, Kaunas and Vilnius parish school of the monastery school.Today, the concept of school is rich. The school grows to the public as an integral part of public life, occupying one of the most important places of public cultural life, determining the progress of society.The school system concept and its challengesThe school called the office where the teacher's supervision of trained and educated young people or adults under the program, specially adapted for use in buildings, which are also known as school. In some countries the school, which taught, but tries not to interfere with the education of youth. Dictation countries often seek to educate young people fully committed to the ruling party.These two extremes: a full freedom of school pupils, teachers without getting involved in their upbringing, typical American.Dictatorship of the State School, which is completely subjected to state politicians, have been characterized in the former Soviet Union.Learner socialization their preparation for life is radically different nature of acquired superdemocracy school, where students are free, and dictation school, which not only students, but teachers do not have operational freedom and autonomy.Lithuanian school systemLithuanian education should be based on close family, school and society. The school is being developed as a family and open to the public cultural venues.LITHUANIAN SCHOOL STRUCTURE:4 years of primary school and 6 years of primary and secondary 2 years. Talented and science students tend to under 4 years of training to learn the main 4 high school pitcher. Gymnasium and high school graduates will be able to continue education in higher education, primary school pupils and vocational colleges. In addition, middle school and the Gymnasium, a broken down according to students' profiles, preferences and abilities. EDUCATION SYSTEM CHART (Learner age scale)Age of adult educationDoctorate Highhigher schools.Mok. Professional pay.Youth on 18/19 Additional training for special education Gymnasium of General Education in Secondary SchoolSecondary shool16/17 14/15 Basic shool10/11 Primary school6/7 Pere - School EducationThis school structure allows the same type of school choice schoolchildrens and profile in accordance with their skills and living conditions and better prepare for life.Teacher's role in child educationThe primary role of school teacher has socialize man. It not only teaches, educates, it ignites a desire to learn, learn, be beneficial to yourself and society. So in terms of teacher use another word - a teacher, which translates from the Greek meaning - "of children leader, leading students to life in society. Therefore, the teacher requested that he convey not only academic knowledge but also skills, an interest in science, trained to think critically, be communicative, ethical provisions, should be a sense of citizenship, to feel responsibility for the family.As the Lithuanian Soviet Encyclopedia, the success of teaching depends on the teacher's personality and social beliefs, culture and education and vocational training. The teaching profession is one of the oldest. Syria, Babylonia, Egypt and others. Eastern countries in old teacher served as priests. Only much later spread to the school and the teaching profession.The teacher directly communicate, collaborate with students organize their learning and complete their schooling life. Thus, student learning success, the willingness or reluctance to attend school to learn it very much depends on the teacher. Teacher's personality, his attitude in class, psychological environment, have a significant impact on student morale, efficiency. According to psychologists, elation in the classroom enhances student employability of 20-30%, and the teacher's performance at work reduces the indifference of 10-20%.Teachers' skill levels, their compositionThus, according to teacher education in Lithuanian schools of continuing to improve. Other language teachers for teaching preparation, because not everyone can be a good professional and a good teacher, to find common language with the students and teach them not only to teach their subject matter, but also educate them as personalities. School FunctionsThe school, taking into account the interests of students, the unequal talents and inclinations and the surrounding society skirtigas conditions, reinforcing the students must be trained, selectional and integrate into society, taking over their reproductive functions as well as innovative as its objective the preparation of the various spheres of life of people together and educate the country, the society, ie, more or less, but loyal to the prevailing policy. In addition socialize school students, taking into account the different structures of society and government directives, orders, order, predict and control the further education course, adjust training plans for school procedures, training, ugymo process. Because the school is open to the public and its variations, and therefore it must change. School of history is required to make consistent the following areas: education, research, professional and economic strata, political, social and family system, the formal equality of education and limited life opportunities, etc. appointment . Because here lies and organic links between the school and social environment the individual and society, and the roots of conflict.One of the most important school functions - a function of qualifications, the school provides training, education, training and education process. Qualification levels and put three on the basis of general and vocational literacy levels:1) Basic Literacy (ordinary) level, which includes the initial, basic: to teach reading, writing, numeracy, ie. the low professional level of workers, peasants, kiemsargio up; 2) Functional literacy (gymnazium, etc..), Ie deep general education, which the trained skills, creative abstract thinking, plans, drawings reading, the ability to not only download, but also to understand, reflect and give.3) Extrafuncional literacy rate, which may occur (to some extent) in the first two levels of meaning - not just deep intellectual competence, especially kūribiškumas, searching, passion for knowledge, but also the diligence, devotion to duty, regularity, discipline ... Developing human being, it is important known writing these levels, it is always and everywhere life is, was and will be conflicts, which are facing each man his life on the road.Educational Moments - Features: Qualifications: education, education, training, education, education. Selectionyzm: aptitudes, inclinations, interests, health, character, gender, and others. Feature identification and selection of diversion to the reality of life and activity. Integration: the political - social field; the economic, scientific society under the scope of individual capacity; the aesthetic-artistic-ethical-domestic spheres of society; morally to - tradition, everyday life.The teacher, the school must develop a narrow specialist, but a single person - the personality. Thus, schools must siei with the public, with the man, not just a training plan for the program even more - one thing the program. Human society is pasulis through the prism of knowablle and he himself and the universe.CONCLUSIONS
Child, young person's education and socialization due to many factors. This is primarily a family, school, and church, media, peers. Probably one of the most important roles of education and upbringing play a family man. After all, how to write and J. Vaitkevicius, human learning and its integration into society, starting from birth. All this hard work has parents, grandparents, older brothers and sisters. Later, the family takes over the duties of the entire educational system, from prie - school education institutions, to the universities. Already in early childhood, parents help nursery - kindergartens, other pre-school institutions.But the most important place of education and development of man to improve his inner, spiritual world takes school. Here, children spend a large part of his time. The school forms part of the child's view of the world, the people, as well as social skills, moral, ethical values. It is important what kind of people surrounding a child in school. These are peers, teachers and educators. Child's education at school is very dependent on teachers, their professional, educational empowerment. It's not always a good teacher can be steam educator. It is also important to allow time to be a child during breaks, or his duly every opportunity to spend leisure time, relax properly. So school has a very important role in the child's life.Efforts to make arrangements Lithuanian education system, that student can meet all your needs, so he could learn, study it, what are wants and likes.LITERATURE
Vaitkevicius J. "Basics of Social Pedagogy" Egalda, 1999metai.
Anton Maceina Folk Education " Kaunas "Light 1991metai.
The Lithuanian Soviet Encyclopedia Vilnius 1983metai.
Prie - School EducationHuman learning, its integration into society, starting from birth. Already in early childhood, the child began an organic relationship with adults. Since then, the child learns, stores personal experience that it comes in handy later accompanied him through life. Early childhood experience of the importance of integrating children into society, stressed the ancient Greek philosophers. Plato argued that children from birth must take care of the State, the organization of special education institutions are state appointed women - nurse played with children in various games, track them tales that are tailored to the child's age, they are shaped and supervised by the State needed someone.In practice, prie - school education have posted one of the first realized, R. Owen, established his factory workers' children from the age of one education authority - the kindergarten. Teachers, doctors, psychologists data, today claimed that early childhood - a vital stage of development. Therefore, prie - school age children develop a strong focus in the form of family support, and expanded preschool education institutions network. The aim is to not only educate children sensomotoric the language, but also to prepare them for civic life, namely, to integrate into society in the broad sense of the word.The school as a human body socializmScience gives impetus to the progress of mankind. In addition to the development of science and technology today, it is not possible, practical human evolution. Science main character and his heart - the scientific information, its quantitative and qualitative growth, which in our times has reached a level not seen throughout the history of mankind. Central element in educating a man to improve his inner intellectual world, took the formal education institutions, which constitute the core of school, school system. In-service training is necessary for the preparation of the younger generation gyvenymui ensure its mental development, whereas the school learns shoolchildren consistently and systematically, to acquire knowledge systems, specifically to monitor the track of life. The organization of the school of education and training process is headed by a specially trained people - teachers who organize the learning in the tailored training - training plans, programs, training tools (manuals, additional sources). The school prepares students for modern public life. It prepares the young for life, always take into account the new social, scientific and practical requirements of life. The school, detached from life, it becomes unpopular. The development of the society and the school must change.In addition, the school, its content, the challenges do not only lead to public cultural - scientific - technical - economic išsivystimo level, but state and political system as well as other factors.SCHOOL factors affectingSocial structure of public culture, education levelSCHOOLNational policy of national economySchool after the family nursery - kindergarten is the first public institution whose purpose - to prepare for human life, namely, to socialize, that he would join the society. According to A. Maceina child's education starts a family, but it has failed to develop it as much as the confusing times of our lives. She comes to the rescue school. Between family and school, the child's education is a close relationship. The family of the individual to better prepare, the school work becomes easier and more productive. By contrast, the education is inferior to the family, at school, it becomes more difficult and thus needs now.The school must fill in gaps in family work.According to A. Maceina now properly draw up a new family for life, not only because it sometimes does not carry out his duties, but also because they are unable to properly perform. Life today is so diverse and complex that the family circle is too narrow and simple in that it went from person to fruitful work in the broad and complex areas of life. The school - a historical category, developments, the emergence of the public. First school is located in East (China, Babylonia, Austria). Egyptian school goal - to prepare priests, scribes. Over time, these countries and to expand school curriculum (for measurements, observation of celestial bodies, construction and art, etc.).Learn the name first used by Greeks VIa. Ave. Christ. The Greeks first established a solid school system, tailored to different age and education for children and young people. Lithuanian Soviet Encyclopedia, Lithuania has established the first school in the 1387m. at Vilnius Cathedral. Grant,. acted in Trakai, Varniu, Kaunas and Vilnius parish school of the monastery school.Today, the concept of school is rich. The school grows to the public as an integral part of public life, occupying one of the most important places of public cultural life, determining the progress of society.The school system concept and its challengesThe school called the office where the teacher's supervision of trained and educated young people or adults under the program, specially adapted for use in buildings, which are also known as school. In some countries the school, which taught, but tries not to interfere with the education of youth. Dictation countries often seek to educate young people fully committed to the ruling party.These two extremes: a full freedom of school pupils, teachers without getting involved in their upbringing, typical American.Dictatorship of the State School, which is completely subjected to state politicians, have been characterized in the former Soviet Union.Learner socialization their preparation for life is radically different nature of acquired superdemocracy school, where students are free, and dictation school, which not only students, but teachers do not have operational freedom and autonomy.Lithuanian school systemLithuanian education should be based on close family, school and society. The school is being developed as a family and open to the public cultural venues.LITHUANIAN SCHOOL STRUCTURE:4 years of primary school and 6 years of primary and secondary 2 years. Talented and science students tend to under 4 years of training to learn the main 4 high school pitcher. Gymnasium and high school graduates will be able to continue education in higher education, primary school pupils and vocational colleges. In addition, middle school and the Gymnasium, a broken down according to students' profiles, preferences and abilities. EDUCATION SYSTEM CHART (Learner age scale)Age of adult educationDoctorate Highhigher schools.Mok. Professional pay.Youth on 18/19 Additional training for special education Gymnasium of General Education in Secondary SchoolSecondary shool16/17 14/15 Basic shool10/11 Primary school6/7 Pere - School EducationThis school structure allows the same type of school choice schoolchildrens and profile in accordance with their skills and living conditions and better prepare for life.Teacher's role in child educationThe primary role of school teacher has socialize man. It not only teaches, educates, it ignites a desire to learn, learn, be beneficial to yourself and society. So in terms of teacher use another word - a teacher, which translates from the Greek meaning - "of children leader, leading students to life in society. Therefore, the teacher requested that he convey not only academic knowledge but also skills, an interest in science, trained to think critically, be communicative, ethical provisions, should be a sense of citizenship, to feel responsibility for the family.As the Lithuanian Soviet Encyclopedia, the success of teaching depends on the teacher's personality and social beliefs, culture and education and vocational training. The teaching profession is one of the oldest. Syria, Babylonia, Egypt and others. Eastern countries in old teacher served as priests. Only much later spread to the school and the teaching profession.The teacher directly communicate, collaborate with students organize their learning and complete their schooling life. Thus, student learning success, the willingness or reluctance to attend school to learn it very much depends on the teacher. Teacher's personality, his attitude in class, psychological environment, have a significant impact on student morale, efficiency. According to psychologists, elation in the classroom enhances student employability of 20-30%, and the teacher's performance at work reduces the indifference of 10-20%.Teachers' skill levels, their compositionThus, according to teacher education in Lithuanian schools of continuing to improve. Other language teachers for teaching preparation, because not everyone can be a good professional and a good teacher, to find common language with the students and teach them not only to teach their subject matter, but also educate them as personalities. School FunctionsThe school, taking into account the interests of students, the unequal talents and inclinations and the surrounding society skirtigas conditions, reinforcing the students must be trained, selectional and integrate into society, taking over their reproductive functions as well as innovative as its objective the preparation of the various spheres of life of people together and educate the country, the society, ie, more or less, but loyal to the prevailing policy. In addition socialize school students, taking into account the different structures of society and government directives, orders, order, predict and control the further education course, adjust training plans for school procedures, training, ugymo process. Because the school is open to the public and its variations, and therefore it must change. School of history is required to make consistent the following areas: education, research, professional and economic strata, political, social and family system, the formal equality of education and limited life opportunities, etc. appointment . Because here lies and organic links between the school and social environment the individual and society, and the roots of conflict.One of the most important school functions - a function of qualifications, the school provides training, education, training and education process. Qualification levels and put three on the basis of general and vocational literacy levels:1) Basic Literacy (ordinary) level, which includes the initial, basic: to teach reading, writing, numeracy, ie. the low professional level of workers, peasants, kiemsargio up; 2) Functional literacy (gymnazium, etc..), Ie deep general education, which the trained skills, creative abstract thinking, plans, drawings reading, the ability to not only download, but also to understand, reflect and give.3) Extrafuncional literacy rate, which may occur (to some extent) in the first two levels of meaning - not just deep intellectual competence, especially kūribiškumas, searching, passion for knowledge, but also the diligence, devotion to duty, regularity, discipline ... Developing human being, it is important known writing these levels, it is always and everywhere life is, was and will be conflicts, which are facing each man his life on the road.Educational Moments - Features: Qualifications: education, education, training, education, education. Selectionyzm: aptitudes, inclinations, interests, health, character, gender, and others. Feature identification and selection of diversion to the reality of life and activity. Integration: the political - social field; the economic, scientific society under the scope of individual capacity; the aesthetic-artistic-ethical-domestic spheres of society; morally to - tradition, everyday life.The teacher, the school must develop a narrow specialist, but a single person - the personality. Thus, schools must siei with the public, with the man, not just a training plan for the program even more - one thing the program. Human society is pasulis through the prism of knowablle and he himself and the universe.CONCLUSIONS
Child, young person's education and socialization due to many factors. This is primarily a family, school, and church, media, peers. Probably one of the most important roles of education and upbringing play a family man. After all, how to write and J. Vaitkevicius, human learning and its integration into society, starting from birth. All this hard work has parents, grandparents, older brothers and sisters. Later, the family takes over the duties of the entire educational system, from prie - school education institutions, to the universities. Already in early childhood, parents help nursery - kindergartens, other pre-school institutions.But the most important place of education and development of man to improve his inner, spiritual world takes school. Here, children spend a large part of his time. The school forms part of the child's view of the world, the people, as well as social skills, moral, ethical values. It is important what kind of people surrounding a child in school. These are peers, teachers and educators. Child's education at school is very dependent on teachers, their professional, educational empowerment. It's not always a good teacher can be steam educator. It is also important to allow time to be a child during breaks, or his duly every opportunity to spend leisure time, relax properly. So school has a very important role in the child's life.Efforts to make arrangements Lithuanian education system, that student can meet all your needs, so he could learn, study it, what are wants and likes.LITERATURE
Vaitkevicius J. "Basics of Social Pedagogy" Egalda, 1999metai.
Anton Maceina Folk Education " Kaunas "Light 1991metai.
The Lithuanian Soviet Encyclopedia Vilnius 1983metai.
Lithuania education system
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education 12 class
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Basic education 10 class
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education 4 class
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0 class (Prie – school education)
The present-day Lithuanian educational system covers pre-school development, general child and youth education and junior college training, higher education and adult education. There is a binary higher education system in Lithuania, that is, HE institutions are of two types: universities and colleges. There is a binary higher education system in Lithuania, that is, HE institutions are of two types: universities and colleges. A higher education is acquired after the completion of undergraduate studies, which last four or five years in an institution of higher educatioA higher education is Acquired After the completion of Undergraduate Studies, which last four or five years in an institution of higher education. Upon completion of the undegraduate studies, a specialized professional or Master degree programme, lasting one and a half to two years, can be undertaken only at the Universities. Upon completion of the undegraduate Studies, a specialized professional or master degree program, lasting one and a half to two years, can be untertaken Only at the University. Doctoral studies in Lithuania last for four years. Doctoral studies in Lithuania last for four years.
Level 0
Pre-school education
Pre-school education is provided to children between one and five (or six) years of age. At the request of parents, children in this age group may be educated at nurseries, nursery-kindergartens, kindergartens, kindergarten-schools, or other schools according to a pre-school curriculum aimed at satisfying the inherent cultural (including ethnic), social and cognitive needs of a child.
Pre-primary educationAt the request of parents, pre-primary education can be provided to a child. Provision of pre-primary education to a child commences in the calendar year a child turns six years of age. The one-year curriculum of pre-primary education is implemented by kindergartens, primary schools, and other schools.
Level 1
Primary education
Provision of primary education commences when a child is 6/7 years of age. The four-year primary education curriculum is implemented by kindergarten-schools, primary schools, and other schools. Primary education is aimed at providing a child with the basics of moral, cultural and social maturity and elementary literacy and enabling him to get ready for studies according to the basic education curriculum.The duration of the primary education curriculum is four years (forms 1–4). Upon completion of the primary education curriculum, a person gains primary education.
Level 2
Basic education
After completing primary education, 10/11-year-old children are taught according to the basic education curriculum implemented by gymnasiums and secondary, basic, youth, vocational and other types of schools. The purpose of basic education is to provide an individual with the basics of moral, sociocultural and civic maturity, general literacy, and the basics of technological literacy; to raise national consciousness; to develop the quality of seeking the aim and ability to make decisions and choices and to continue learning. The duration of the basic education curriculum is six years (forms 5–10). Upon completion of this curriculum, a person gains basic education.
Primary vocational training
Primary vocational training may be provided to individuals who have basic education and are at least 14 years old.Upon completing the primary vocational training curriculum and/or passing qualifying examinations, the student gets a primary professional qualification and/or completes basic education.
Level 3
Secondary education
Secondary education is provided to 16/17-year-old students who have basic education. The purpose of secondary education is to assist a person in attaining the general academic, sociocultural and technological literacy; moral, national and civic maturity; and the basics of professional competence and/or qualification. The secondary education curriculum consists of compulsory and optional modules of general education, and there is also a possibility to choose modules of vocational training. The curriculum is implemented by gymnasiums, secondary and vocational schools, and other types of schools.The duration of the secondary education curriculum is two years (forms 11–12). Upon completing this curriculum and passing examinations for the school-leaving certificate, a pupil completes secondary education.
Primary vocational training
Primary vocational training may be provided to students who have basic education.Upon completing the vocational training curriculum and passing qualifying examinations and/or examinations for the school-leaving certificate, a student gets primary professional qualification and/or completes secondary education.
Level 4
Continuing vocational training
Continuing vocational training is provided to people who have a primary professional qualification. Its purpose is to upgrade the professional qualification or to obtain another one. Continuing vocational training encompasses both formal adult vocational training/learning and non-formal adult education.Qualification is obtained when a learner completes the vocational training curriculum and/or passes qualifying examinations.
Level 5
Post-secondary education
Post-secondary education used to be provided to individuals with secondary education who wanted to obtain higher education. The curricula of the post-secondary education were implemented by post-secondary education schools. Admission to these schools was stopped in 2003 and post-secondary education schools were reorganized.
Level 6
Higher education studies
Education under the higher education curricula is available to people who are at least 18-years-old and have completed secondary education. The purpose of higher education is to assist an individual in obtaining a higher education degree and a corresponding qualification, as well as to prepare an individual for an active professional, social and cultural life. The higher education curricula are implemented by the higher education schools, i.e. universities and colleges. There are two types of studies at the higher education schools: consecutive and non-consecutive studies. The form of consecutive studies is established by each higher education institution itself.A college is a higher education institution in which study programmes are focused on practice. In colleges, students study under non-university study programmes. Applied research and/or scientific development or professional arts are developed in colleges. The non-university study programmes consist of 120 credit points. The standard duration of studies is three years (full time studies). Possible forms of studies are: full-time, part-time, and extramural studies. The non-university study programmes consist of at least 120 credit points, but not more than 160 credit points. A professional qualification and a diploma of higher education are awarded under successful completion of non-university studies.A university is a higher education institution in which university study programmes prevail. At universities, scientific research is carried out, Master’s and doctoral studies are organized, and/or a high-level professional artistic activity is developed, and postgraduate art study programmes are implemented.The university studies consist of three stages. The first stage (Bachelor’s degree) study programmes are designed to gain theoretical basics in a particular subject area and to develop professional skills, necessary for independent work (the university study programmes target mainly theoretical knowledge, whereas non-university study programmes are practice-oriented). The second stage (Master’s studies or special vocational training programmes) study programmes are intended to prepare a student for an independent scientific or artistic work, or some other type of work that requires scientific knowledge and skills. These study programmes can be pursued only by those students who have completed the first stage study programme in the subject area specified in the admission rules.The duration of undergraduate (first stage) studies is 3–5 years. Upon completion of these basic studies, a Bachelor’s degree is awarded.The duration of Master’s degree studies is 1.5–2 academic years. Upon completion of Master’s degree studies, a Master’s degree is awarded.The duration of integrated studies is 4.5–5 years. Upon completion of this programme, a Master’s degree and/or a professional qualification are/is awarded.Level 7
The third stage university study programmes are intended for the professionals of the highest qualification: Doctoral studies — for scientists, Postgraduate Art studies — for professional artists, and Residency — for the physicians, odontologists, and veterinary surgeons and specialists. These study programmes can be pursued by individuals who have completed at least the second stage studies, or integrated studies in the subject area specified in the admission rules.The duration of doctoral studies is four years. Upon completion of the doctoral study programme, a Doctor’s degree is awarded.The duration of postgraduate art studies is no longer than two years. Upon completion of the postgraduate art studies, a qualification degree of Licentiate of Art is awarded.Residency studies last from one to six years. During the first stage of Residency one of the qualifications of a medical doctor of more general profile is obtained, whereas the second and the third stages of Residency are intended for gaining a qualification in a more specific area.
Special education
Special education is intended to assist people with special needs in their development and to help these people learn according to their abilities, obtain education and qualification, and overcome social exclusion. Special education includes early, pre-school, general, vocational, post-secondary, higher, adult education and supplementary education for people with special needs.Upon completion of special education, a person can get a certificate of education of a certain level and/or qualification. In certain cases, qualification is granted without having completed a certain level of education.
Non-formal education
Non-formal education provides a possibility to test one’s abilities in various fields (music, art, sports, etc.). By applying methods of non-formal education at various camps, workshops, and youth projects, different situations are simulated, and in these situations young people disclose and develop their personal, behavioural, communication, cross-cultural, organisational, mobility, and creative skills.The aim of the non-formal child education is to satisfy the learners’ cognitive, educational, and self-expression needs and to help them to become the active members of society. Whereas the aim of non-formal adult education is to provide an individual with conditions for life-long learning, conditions to satisfy the cognitive needs, to develop current qualification and to gain further qualifications.
Adult vocational training
The purpose of adult vocational training is to provide people with the occupation which is in demand in the labour market, within a rather short period of time (from several weeks to several months). Adult vocational training programmes are designed for individuals who have completed general (10 years) or secondary (12 years) education. Individuals may pursue adult vocational training from 18 years of age (in certain cases from 16 years of age). Adult vocational training is provided by Labour Market Training Centres. These Centres mainly provide adult vocational training, vocational retraining, and qualification development. The activities of the centres are regulated by the Lithuanian Labour Market Training Authority.Lithuania - Educational System-overviewThe people of Lithuania are highly educated. Nearly the entire population between the ages of 15 to 39 has completed basic schooling. Nearly the entire population between the ages of 15 to 39 has completed basic schooling. A major overhaul of Lithuanian education practices followed the country's restoration of independence in 1991. A major overhaul of Lithuanian education practices followed the country's restoration of independence in 1991. The system of primary-secondary-higher education was developed between the two world wars with the Soviets further expanding this to adult education. The system of primary-secondary-higher education was developed between the two world wars with the Soviet further expanding this to adult education. The Soviets highly politicized philosophy of education was evaluated and replaced. The highly politicized Soviet philosophy of education was evaluated and replaced. Independent Lithuania no longer adheres to the "Soviet school" philosophy. Independent Lithuania no longer adheres to the "Soviet School" philosophy. It now focuses on an ideology based on Lithuanian history and culture. It now focuses on an ideology based on Lithuanian history and culture. However, the system still utilizes some Soviet organizational methods (US Department of State 1998). However, the system still utilizes some Soviet organizational methods (U.S. Department of State 1998).Education Between the ages of 7 and 16 is compulsory and free of charge at all levels, as a result of the 1992 Constitution. The three levels of Lithuanian education include: comprehensive (from 7 to 16 years of age), vocational and schools of further education (from 16 to 18), and higher education. The three levels of Lithuanian education include: Comprehensive (from 7 to 16 years of age), vocational and schools of further education (from 16 to 18), and higher education. Furthering this delineation, there are three types of comprehensive schools: primary (grades 1 to 4), principal (grades 5 to 9), and secondary (grades 10 to 12). Furthering this delineation, there are three types of comprehensive schools: Primary (Grades 1 to 4), principal (grades 5 to 9) and secondary (grades 10 to 12). There are over 2,000 schools across these levels. There are over 2.000 schools across these levels. Preschool is also available should parents wish to enroll their children. Preschool is also available should parents wish their children to Enroll.Schools are located in all cities, towns, and villages. The more remote schools generally begin with first grade and end with fifth or ninth grade. The more remote schools will generally begin with first grade and end with fifth or ninth grade. Students are likely to attend a public institution for primary and secondary school, where they are commonly enrolled in art and music courses in addition to their academic schedule. Students are Likely to attend a public institution for primary and secondary school, where they are commonly enrolled in art and music courses in addition to their academic schedule. Following secondary education (grade 12), the majority of students go on to vocational schools; the next largest percentage of students attend college-like institutions. Following secondary education (grade 12), the majority of students go on to vocational schools, the next largest percentage of students attend college-like institutions. The remaining students continue at polytechnical institutions. The remaining students continue at polytechnical institutions.Following Lithuania's independence from the Soviet Union, more than 67 percent of Lithuanian students now attend religious classes in general schoFollowing Lithuania's independence from the Soviet Union, more than 67 percent of Lithuanian students now attend religious classes in general schools. In addition to the religious courses, students also study history, mathematics, science, ethics, Lithuanian, and Lithuanian literature. In addition to the religious courses, students also study history, mathematics, science, ethics, Lithuanian, and Lithuanian literature. Foreign language study includes English, German, Russian, French, and Latin for accelerated classes. Foreign Language Study includes Español, German, Russian, Français, and Latin for accelerated classes. Foreign language study begins in the fifth grade, with English as the primary language of study. Foreign Language Study Begins in the fifth grade, with Lietuanian as the primary language of study.Teachers now offer a wider variety of subjects and de-emphasize the teaching of Russian history and the Russian language Teachers now offer a wider variety of subjects and de-emphasize the teaching of Russian history and the Russian language. Teachers are beginning to attend summer workshops, where they can learn new teaching practices (Kudirka 1991). Teachers are beginning to attend summer workshops, where they can learn new teaching practices (Kudirka 1991).The academic year runs for 10 months from September through June.The academic year runs for 10 months from September through June. There is a summer break from July 1 to September 1. There is a summer break from July 1 to September 1st Classes are primarily taught in Lithuanian, although in closed communities of ethnic minorities, the state does provide support for education in the native language. Classes are Taught primarily in Lithuanian, Although in the closed communities of ethnic minorities, the state does provide support for education in the native language. Parents are permitted to choose the school of general education according to its language of instruction (EuroEducation Net 1996) (NAFSA 1991). Parents are permitted to choose the school of general education according to its language of instruction (EuroEducation Even 1996) (NAFSA, 1991).
Lithuania has established goals for its educational system. Lithuania has established goals for its educational system. They are as follows: They are as follows:To develop mental and physical abilities; to lay firm the foundations of morality and a healthy way of life; and to develop intellect while providing conditions for the further development of individuality To develop mental and physical abilities, to lay the firm foundations of morality and a healthy way of life, and develop the intellect while providing conditions for the further development of individuality.To offer children both general and professional education corresponding to the current level of science and culture To offer children both general and professional education corresponding to the current level of science and culture.To provide the opportunity for the residents of Lithuania to continue their education It provides the opportunity for The Residents of Lithuania to continue their education.To clarify personal rights and to instill a sense of civic duty to the family, nation, society, and the State of Lithuania, as well as the need to participate in the cultural, social, economic, and political life of the Republic (NAFSA 1991).To clarify personal rights and that instills a sense of civic duty to the family, nation, society, and the State of Lithuania, as well as the need to participate in the cultural, social, economic, and political life of the Republic (NAFSA 1991)
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Non – formal education
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Special education
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Doctoral studies
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Higher education studies
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Post – secondary education
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Continuing vocational traning
Secondary
education 12 class
11 class
Basic education 10 class
9 class
8 class
7 class
6 class
5 class
Primary
education 4 class
3 class
2 class
1 class
0 class (Prie – school education)
The present-day Lithuanian educational system covers pre-school development, general child and youth education and junior college training, higher education and adult education. There is a binary higher education system in Lithuania, that is, HE institutions are of two types: universities and colleges. There is a binary higher education system in Lithuania, that is, HE institutions are of two types: universities and colleges. A higher education is acquired after the completion of undergraduate studies, which last four or five years in an institution of higher educatioA higher education is Acquired After the completion of Undergraduate Studies, which last four or five years in an institution of higher education. Upon completion of the undegraduate studies, a specialized professional or Master degree programme, lasting one and a half to two years, can be undertaken only at the Universities. Upon completion of the undegraduate Studies, a specialized professional or master degree program, lasting one and a half to two years, can be untertaken Only at the University. Doctoral studies in Lithuania last for four years. Doctoral studies in Lithuania last for four years.
Level 0
Pre-school education
Pre-school education is provided to children between one and five (or six) years of age. At the request of parents, children in this age group may be educated at nurseries, nursery-kindergartens, kindergartens, kindergarten-schools, or other schools according to a pre-school curriculum aimed at satisfying the inherent cultural (including ethnic), social and cognitive needs of a child.
Pre-primary educationAt the request of parents, pre-primary education can be provided to a child. Provision of pre-primary education to a child commences in the calendar year a child turns six years of age. The one-year curriculum of pre-primary education is implemented by kindergartens, primary schools, and other schools.
Level 1
Primary education
Provision of primary education commences when a child is 6/7 years of age. The four-year primary education curriculum is implemented by kindergarten-schools, primary schools, and other schools. Primary education is aimed at providing a child with the basics of moral, cultural and social maturity and elementary literacy and enabling him to get ready for studies according to the basic education curriculum.The duration of the primary education curriculum is four years (forms 1–4). Upon completion of the primary education curriculum, a person gains primary education.
Level 2
Basic education
After completing primary education, 10/11-year-old children are taught according to the basic education curriculum implemented by gymnasiums and secondary, basic, youth, vocational and other types of schools. The purpose of basic education is to provide an individual with the basics of moral, sociocultural and civic maturity, general literacy, and the basics of technological literacy; to raise national consciousness; to develop the quality of seeking the aim and ability to make decisions and choices and to continue learning. The duration of the basic education curriculum is six years (forms 5–10). Upon completion of this curriculum, a person gains basic education.
Primary vocational training
Primary vocational training may be provided to individuals who have basic education and are at least 14 years old.Upon completing the primary vocational training curriculum and/or passing qualifying examinations, the student gets a primary professional qualification and/or completes basic education.
Level 3
Secondary education
Secondary education is provided to 16/17-year-old students who have basic education. The purpose of secondary education is to assist a person in attaining the general academic, sociocultural and technological literacy; moral, national and civic maturity; and the basics of professional competence and/or qualification. The secondary education curriculum consists of compulsory and optional modules of general education, and there is also a possibility to choose modules of vocational training. The curriculum is implemented by gymnasiums, secondary and vocational schools, and other types of schools.The duration of the secondary education curriculum is two years (forms 11–12). Upon completing this curriculum and passing examinations for the school-leaving certificate, a pupil completes secondary education.
Primary vocational training
Primary vocational training may be provided to students who have basic education.Upon completing the vocational training curriculum and passing qualifying examinations and/or examinations for the school-leaving certificate, a student gets primary professional qualification and/or completes secondary education.
Level 4
Continuing vocational training
Continuing vocational training is provided to people who have a primary professional qualification. Its purpose is to upgrade the professional qualification or to obtain another one. Continuing vocational training encompasses both formal adult vocational training/learning and non-formal adult education.Qualification is obtained when a learner completes the vocational training curriculum and/or passes qualifying examinations.
Level 5
Post-secondary education
Post-secondary education used to be provided to individuals with secondary education who wanted to obtain higher education. The curricula of the post-secondary education were implemented by post-secondary education schools. Admission to these schools was stopped in 2003 and post-secondary education schools were reorganized.
Level 6
Higher education studies
Education under the higher education curricula is available to people who are at least 18-years-old and have completed secondary education. The purpose of higher education is to assist an individual in obtaining a higher education degree and a corresponding qualification, as well as to prepare an individual for an active professional, social and cultural life. The higher education curricula are implemented by the higher education schools, i.e. universities and colleges. There are two types of studies at the higher education schools: consecutive and non-consecutive studies. The form of consecutive studies is established by each higher education institution itself.A college is a higher education institution in which study programmes are focused on practice. In colleges, students study under non-university study programmes. Applied research and/or scientific development or professional arts are developed in colleges. The non-university study programmes consist of 120 credit points. The standard duration of studies is three years (full time studies). Possible forms of studies are: full-time, part-time, and extramural studies. The non-university study programmes consist of at least 120 credit points, but not more than 160 credit points. A professional qualification and a diploma of higher education are awarded under successful completion of non-university studies.A university is a higher education institution in which university study programmes prevail. At universities, scientific research is carried out, Master’s and doctoral studies are organized, and/or a high-level professional artistic activity is developed, and postgraduate art study programmes are implemented.The university studies consist of three stages. The first stage (Bachelor’s degree) study programmes are designed to gain theoretical basics in a particular subject area and to develop professional skills, necessary for independent work (the university study programmes target mainly theoretical knowledge, whereas non-university study programmes are practice-oriented). The second stage (Master’s studies or special vocational training programmes) study programmes are intended to prepare a student for an independent scientific or artistic work, or some other type of work that requires scientific knowledge and skills. These study programmes can be pursued only by those students who have completed the first stage study programme in the subject area specified in the admission rules.The duration of undergraduate (first stage) studies is 3–5 years. Upon completion of these basic studies, a Bachelor’s degree is awarded.The duration of Master’s degree studies is 1.5–2 academic years. Upon completion of Master’s degree studies, a Master’s degree is awarded.The duration of integrated studies is 4.5–5 years. Upon completion of this programme, a Master’s degree and/or a professional qualification are/is awarded.Level 7
The third stage university study programmes are intended for the professionals of the highest qualification: Doctoral studies — for scientists, Postgraduate Art studies — for professional artists, and Residency — for the physicians, odontologists, and veterinary surgeons and specialists. These study programmes can be pursued by individuals who have completed at least the second stage studies, or integrated studies in the subject area specified in the admission rules.The duration of doctoral studies is four years. Upon completion of the doctoral study programme, a Doctor’s degree is awarded.The duration of postgraduate art studies is no longer than two years. Upon completion of the postgraduate art studies, a qualification degree of Licentiate of Art is awarded.Residency studies last from one to six years. During the first stage of Residency one of the qualifications of a medical doctor of more general profile is obtained, whereas the second and the third stages of Residency are intended for gaining a qualification in a more specific area.
Special education
Special education is intended to assist people with special needs in their development and to help these people learn according to their abilities, obtain education and qualification, and overcome social exclusion. Special education includes early, pre-school, general, vocational, post-secondary, higher, adult education and supplementary education for people with special needs.Upon completion of special education, a person can get a certificate of education of a certain level and/or qualification. In certain cases, qualification is granted without having completed a certain level of education.
Non-formal education
Non-formal education provides a possibility to test one’s abilities in various fields (music, art, sports, etc.). By applying methods of non-formal education at various camps, workshops, and youth projects, different situations are simulated, and in these situations young people disclose and develop their personal, behavioural, communication, cross-cultural, organisational, mobility, and creative skills.The aim of the non-formal child education is to satisfy the learners’ cognitive, educational, and self-expression needs and to help them to become the active members of society. Whereas the aim of non-formal adult education is to provide an individual with conditions for life-long learning, conditions to satisfy the cognitive needs, to develop current qualification and to gain further qualifications.
Adult vocational training
The purpose of adult vocational training is to provide people with the occupation which is in demand in the labour market, within a rather short period of time (from several weeks to several months). Adult vocational training programmes are designed for individuals who have completed general (10 years) or secondary (12 years) education. Individuals may pursue adult vocational training from 18 years of age (in certain cases from 16 years of age). Adult vocational training is provided by Labour Market Training Centres. These Centres mainly provide adult vocational training, vocational retraining, and qualification development. The activities of the centres are regulated by the Lithuanian Labour Market Training Authority.Lithuania - Educational System-overviewThe people of Lithuania are highly educated. Nearly the entire population between the ages of 15 to 39 has completed basic schooling. Nearly the entire population between the ages of 15 to 39 has completed basic schooling. A major overhaul of Lithuanian education practices followed the country's restoration of independence in 1991. A major overhaul of Lithuanian education practices followed the country's restoration of independence in 1991. The system of primary-secondary-higher education was developed between the two world wars with the Soviets further expanding this to adult education. The system of primary-secondary-higher education was developed between the two world wars with the Soviet further expanding this to adult education. The Soviets highly politicized philosophy of education was evaluated and replaced. The highly politicized Soviet philosophy of education was evaluated and replaced. Independent Lithuania no longer adheres to the "Soviet school" philosophy. Independent Lithuania no longer adheres to the "Soviet School" philosophy. It now focuses on an ideology based on Lithuanian history and culture. It now focuses on an ideology based on Lithuanian history and culture. However, the system still utilizes some Soviet organizational methods (US Department of State 1998). However, the system still utilizes some Soviet organizational methods (U.S. Department of State 1998).Education Between the ages of 7 and 16 is compulsory and free of charge at all levels, as a result of the 1992 Constitution. The three levels of Lithuanian education include: comprehensive (from 7 to 16 years of age), vocational and schools of further education (from 16 to 18), and higher education. The three levels of Lithuanian education include: Comprehensive (from 7 to 16 years of age), vocational and schools of further education (from 16 to 18), and higher education. Furthering this delineation, there are three types of comprehensive schools: primary (grades 1 to 4), principal (grades 5 to 9), and secondary (grades 10 to 12). Furthering this delineation, there are three types of comprehensive schools: Primary (Grades 1 to 4), principal (grades 5 to 9) and secondary (grades 10 to 12). There are over 2,000 schools across these levels. There are over 2.000 schools across these levels. Preschool is also available should parents wish to enroll their children. Preschool is also available should parents wish their children to Enroll.Schools are located in all cities, towns, and villages. The more remote schools generally begin with first grade and end with fifth or ninth grade. The more remote schools will generally begin with first grade and end with fifth or ninth grade. Students are likely to attend a public institution for primary and secondary school, where they are commonly enrolled in art and music courses in addition to their academic schedule. Students are Likely to attend a public institution for primary and secondary school, where they are commonly enrolled in art and music courses in addition to their academic schedule. Following secondary education (grade 12), the majority of students go on to vocational schools; the next largest percentage of students attend college-like institutions. Following secondary education (grade 12), the majority of students go on to vocational schools, the next largest percentage of students attend college-like institutions. The remaining students continue at polytechnical institutions. The remaining students continue at polytechnical institutions.Following Lithuania's independence from the Soviet Union, more than 67 percent of Lithuanian students now attend religious classes in general schoFollowing Lithuania's independence from the Soviet Union, more than 67 percent of Lithuanian students now attend religious classes in general schools. In addition to the religious courses, students also study history, mathematics, science, ethics, Lithuanian, and Lithuanian literature. In addition to the religious courses, students also study history, mathematics, science, ethics, Lithuanian, and Lithuanian literature. Foreign language study includes English, German, Russian, French, and Latin for accelerated classes. Foreign Language Study includes Español, German, Russian, Français, and Latin for accelerated classes. Foreign language study begins in the fifth grade, with English as the primary language of study. Foreign Language Study Begins in the fifth grade, with Lietuanian as the primary language of study.Teachers now offer a wider variety of subjects and de-emphasize the teaching of Russian history and the Russian language Teachers now offer a wider variety of subjects and de-emphasize the teaching of Russian history and the Russian language. Teachers are beginning to attend summer workshops, where they can learn new teaching practices (Kudirka 1991). Teachers are beginning to attend summer workshops, where they can learn new teaching practices (Kudirka 1991).The academic year runs for 10 months from September through June.The academic year runs for 10 months from September through June. There is a summer break from July 1 to September 1. There is a summer break from July 1 to September 1st Classes are primarily taught in Lithuanian, although in closed communities of ethnic minorities, the state does provide support for education in the native language. Classes are Taught primarily in Lithuanian, Although in the closed communities of ethnic minorities, the state does provide support for education in the native language. Parents are permitted to choose the school of general education according to its language of instruction (EuroEducation Net 1996) (NAFSA 1991). Parents are permitted to choose the school of general education according to its language of instruction (EuroEducation Even 1996) (NAFSA, 1991).
Lithuania has established goals for its educational system. Lithuania has established goals for its educational system. They are as follows: They are as follows:To develop mental and physical abilities; to lay firm the foundations of morality and a healthy way of life; and to develop intellect while providing conditions for the further development of individuality To develop mental and physical abilities, to lay the firm foundations of morality and a healthy way of life, and develop the intellect while providing conditions for the further development of individuality.To offer children both general and professional education corresponding to the current level of science and culture To offer children both general and professional education corresponding to the current level of science and culture.To provide the opportunity for the residents of Lithuania to continue their education It provides the opportunity for The Residents of Lithuania to continue their education.To clarify personal rights and to instill a sense of civic duty to the family, nation, society, and the State of Lithuania, as well as the need to participate in the cultural, social, economic, and political life of the Republic (NAFSA 1991).To clarify personal rights and that instills a sense of civic duty to the family, nation, society, and the State of Lithuania, as well as the need to participate in the cultural, social, economic, and political life of the Republic (NAFSA 1991)
Education system in Lithuania
As with many other countries worldwide there are two choices for the expatriate parent when Considering Bradford Child's Schooling and the education system in Portugal. Firstly you have the state run education system and Secondly you have a wide variety of private alternatives.A lot will depend on the location you choose to move to and the catchment area you find yourself in and the reputation of the schools in that catchment area. In recent years the Portuguese education system has received serious criticism and the Government are now addressing some of the more pressing problems affecting schooling. A lot will depend on the location you choose to move to the catchment area and you find yourself in and the reputation of the school catchment area in that I. In recent years the Portuguese education system has received serious Criticism and the Government are now addressing some of the more pressing problems affecting Schooling.The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development conducted a survey of schooling across 30 countries last year and its findings proved so embarrassing for Portugal that the Portuguese government can no longer ignore the situation. Not only has their massive under funding resulted in high drop out rates for students but it has also resulted in serious under recruitment of teachers. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Conducted a survey of 30 countries across Schooling last year and the ITA finding proved embarrassing for Portugal so thats the Portuguese government can no longer ignore the situation. Not only has Bradford massive under funding resulted in high drop-out rates for students but it has resulted in serious ook under recruitment of teachers.Teachers in Portugal are under paid and over worked, most schools don't have sufficient resources to manage the number of pupils they have on their books. Despite the fact that schooling is compulsory for all pupils up to the age of 16, the high drop out rate is resulting in poor literacy and numeracy standards across the country, particularly in some of the more rural and less economically developed areas of the country. Teachers in Portugal are under paid and over worked, most schools do not have sufficient resources to manage the number of usage of THEY have about their books. Despi the fact that I Schooling is compulsory for all usage of up to the age of 16, the high drop out rate is poor resulting in Literacy and Numeracy standards across the country, Particularly in some of the more rural and less economically developed areas of the country.The report by the OECD revealed that pupils in the state education scheme in Portugal spend fewer hours physically at school being taught than their peers in the other countries surveyed, and they spend fewer years in the state education system as well. All this means that Portugal's youth are currently badly positioned to compete in the global jobs marketplace as few if any of them have the technological experience of computers and the internet for example, and few have an international language like English under their belt either. The report by the OECD revealed That usage of in the state education scheme in Portugal Spend Fewer hours physically at school being taught THAN THEIR peers in the other countries surveyed, and THEY SPEND Fewer years in the state education system as well. All this mean that Portugal's youth are currently badly positioned to Compete in the global marketplace as few jobs if ANY of them have the technological experience of computers and the internet for example, and few have an international language like Lietuvių Bradford belt under trial.There is encouraging news on one level however; of those pupils who remain in school up to the age of 18 many then go on to university and out of these students a very high percentage will achieve at least a university degree. There is Encouraging news on one level however, of Those Who Remain in usage of school up to the age of 18 many then go on to university and out of these students a very high Percentage Will Achieve at least a university degree.Expatriate parents moving to Portugal might like to consider some of the private school alternatives available, or the international schools that teach through the medium of English for example. There are private alternatives available for children from nursery level right through to secondary school level. Expatriate parents moving to Portugal Might Like to Consider some of the private school alternatives available, or the international schools that I teach through the medium of Lietuviškai for example. There are private alternatives available for children from nursery level right through to secondary school level.Don't be totally put off the state system altogether however, for a start the quality of schools varies incredibly with some of the best schools located in the richer economic areas particularly in the Algarve region. Some of the schools there are far better than what you can find in the UK or Germany. Furthermore, the Portuguese government have been sufficiently embarrassed by the findings of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development report and are now investing intensely into the entire education system in Portugal. Do not be totally put off the state system Altogether however, for a start the quality of schools varies INCREDIBLY with some of the best schools located in the economic areas Richer Particularly in the Algarve region. Some of the schools there are far better than what you can find in the UK or Germany. Furthermore, the Portuguese government have been Sufficiently embarrassed by the finding of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development report and are now intensely into the Investing Entire education system in Portugal.Lithuanian education systemGeneral InformationLithuania - the largest of the three Baltic states, it is even larger than Belgium, Denmark or Switzerland. Lithuanian area - 65.3 thousand. km2. Lithuania has common borders with Latvia, Belarus, Poland, Russia. The biggest cities - Vilnius (the capital), Kaunas, Klaipeda, Siauliai and Panevezys. The climate is midway between maritime and continental. The average daily temperature in January. -15 ° C in July. +23. Population in Lithuania - ~ 3.7 million., Of which about 70% live in urban areas. According to the nationality of 83.5% of Lithuanians, Poles 6.7%, 6.3% Russians, 3.5% - others. (Belarusian, Latvians, Ukrainians, etc.). The official language is Lithuanian language, which is closely related to Sanskrit and belongs to the Baltic family of Indo-European languages. The main religion - Roman Catholic.Education ProgramEducation Program - a pre-defined and organized in a series of educational activities aimed at the intended result. The result is often approved education or qualification certificate. The classification of educational programs is twofold: vertical, hierarchical level indicating the program (pre-school - Pre - Home - Home - Education - higher - higher), and horizontal, showing the program's scope (as well as specialty of course). Below is a hierarchical classification of programs.Level 01st Pre-school education. Purpose - to help the child to meet the behavioral, cultural, and ethnic, social and cognitive needs. Provided to children from 3 to 6 years. 2nd Pre-school education for children with special needs. Provided to children from 3 years old. 3rd Pre-primary education. Purpose - to help prepare your child to learn according to primary education program. Starting a child for the calendar year in which he reaches the age of 6 years. Pre-primary education may be before the parents' request and if the child is mature enough for such a building, but not before he reaches the age of 5 years.Level 11st Primary Education. Purpose - to help a child develop a moral, cultural, and social maturity primers, to acquire a basic literacy, to help him prepare to continue learning in the basic education program. Under this program, developed in 6/7- 10/11 years of age. Program Duration - 4 years old. It consists of a single educational strength, which consists of two puskoncentrių, each with a duration - 2 years old. When you finish this program, people acquire basic education. 2nd Primary education for children with special needs.Level 21st Basic Education. Purpose - to give a person moral, socio-cultural and civic maturity, general literacy, technological literacy, to develop national consciousness, to develop the willingness and ability to make decisions and choices, and learn more. Given to students who have completed primary education. The basic education program duration - 6 years old, it consists of two stages: grades 5-8 and grades 9-10 classes. Once the program is acquired basic education. 2nd Alternative education. Designed nepritapusiems school students. Given to adolescents aged 12-16. 3rd General basic education for children with special needs. 4th Basic vocational education, providing basic education and professional qualifications. Typical duration - 3 years old. Be admitted from the age of 14. Once the program is acquired basic education and professional qualifications. 5th Basic vocational training, providing only professional qualification. Duration 1-2 years.Be admitted from the age of 14. Once the program gained a professional qualification. 6th Special Needs basic vocational training, providing a professional level I qualifications. Typical duration - 3 years old. Be admitted from the age of 14. Once the program gained a professional qualification. 7th Adult general education. Given 18 years.Level 31st Secondary education. The program for secondary education, prepare to learn a higher level education or vocational training. Provided to persons who have completed primary education. Duration - 2 years old. The program focuses on profiling training, curriculum differentiation. Curriculum structured in two parts: general education core, compulsory for all students, regardless of the type of school providing secondary education, he learns, and the student's chosen curriculum, which depends on the chosen profile. Students can choose one of four sections: humanities, scientific, technological (by vocational schools and technological high schools), arts (provided by School of Arts, National Arts School, conservatories).After the secondary school curriculum and passing exams, complete secondary education. 2nd Basic vocational education, providing secondary education and professional qualifications Tier III programs. Given to individuals over the age of 16. Typical duration - 4 years old. Graduates complete secondary education and professional qualifications. 3rd Basic vocational training under the Stage II program, providing only professional qualification. Given to individuals over the age of 16. Typical Duration - 3 years old. Once the program gained a professional qualification. 4th Persons with special needs basic training in accordance with Stage II programs. 5th Adult general secondary education. The supply of 18 years.Level 41st Basic training in accordance with Stage IV programs. The supply of completed secondary listen general education or secondary education program. Duration 1-2 years. Once the program gained a professional qualification. 2nd Persons with special needs basic training in accordance with Stage IV programs. Given to individuals over the age of 18. Typical duration - 3 years old.Level 5Post-secondary studies. Purpose - to assist a person to acquire higher education and some training and preparation for participation in the labor market and social life of the country. Provided a person has obtained a secondary education and are able to study independently. Higher Education and skills acquired in higher education after the program and defending the thesis (project), and (or) after passing the final exams.Level 6Higher Education 1st Basic studies. Undergraduate programs are designed to reflect the theoretical foundations and professional self-employment develop the necessary professional skills. Graduates of university training courses and (or) a bachelor's degree, and graduates of non-university studies - a professional qualification. 2nd Master's studies. Master's degree program designed to prepare the student for independent research or artistic work or work that requires virtesnių knowledge and skills. Accepted earned a bachelor's degree. Program Duration: 1.5-2 years. Graduates are awarded a master's degree. 3rd Professional studies. Designed to better prepare for work, which requires specific practical skills. Individuals who have graduated from university studies. For a certain study course for professional qualification. 4th Integral Studies. Master degree or professional qualification specifically designed studies, coupled with the continuation of undergraduate and graduate university studies. 5th Residency training. For the Government of the study areas who have completed qualifications to prepare individuals to practice self-development. 6th Non-university studies. One step in the practical business-oriented vocational training university, allowing gain on applied research and (or) applied science activities based on professional qualifications.Level 71st Doctorate. Purpose - to train scientists. Individuals who have completed master's degrees or integrated studies. They are studying the individual doctoral program, culminating in the work of researchers - doctoral dissertation. 2nd Studies of Art. Purpose - to develop high school art teachers, as well as the specialization of artists. Final work - art project preparation and defense. Types of Schools Lithuanian schools are divided into groups based on the level and nature programs. The following key groups:1) General education schools;2) Vocational schools;3) High School;4) Higher education;5) Additional training (formal education) institutions.The school is determined by the type of the highest level of formal education program. General education schools consists of the following types of schools:• Kindergarten-school (primary • education);• Primary School (Primary Education Programme);• Secondary school (basic education program, basic and primary education, in individual cases - the first of the basic strength of the curriculum and elementary education program, the first of the basic strength of the curriculum program);• Youth education (elementary education program); specific child-rearing and nursing homes (primary education, primary and basic education programs);• Hospital School (primary and primary education);• Sanatorium schools (primary and primary education);• Secondary School (secondary education program, secondary education and the second main strength of the curriculum of the program, secondary and elementary education programs, secondary, primary and primary education);• Gymnasium - secondary school, equivalent to the Government or its authorized institution, the accreditation criteria (a secondary education program, secondary education and the second main strength of the curriculum programs, school education, the second main strength of the curriculum and the International Baccalaureate program, a separate case - a secondary and elementary education programs, secondary, primary and primary education);• Adult school, adult education center (secondary, primary and primary education, secondary and elementary education programs);• Education Centre (school, basic, primary and special education programs);• Special education (secondary, secondary, primary and special education programs, adapted for the secondary, secondary, primary and special education programs);• Special Education Centre (school, basic, primary and secondary adapted, basic, primary and special education programs);• Arts, sports education schools (arts, sports education programs).Lithuania has the following types of vocational training institutions, schools, providing vocational training and general education, theoretical and practical training through vocational training centers and courses, specialized training institutions for persons with special needs (disabled, prisoners, etc.). Superior schools do not distinguish between the types. High schools are of two types - universities and colleges. They can be public or private. Non-formal education institutions is determined by the type of their primary education activities - preschool, children and other non-formal adult education:• Pre-school education institutions include the type of kindergarten, kindergarten-kindergarten in a manger, as well as the special needs of children in pre-school education for kindergarten, kindergarten and kindergarten-day nurseries;• Children's Non-formal education (additional education), school type include music, art, arts, sports school, educational center for children with special needs to develop schoolchildren's palace, art center, young naturalists, technicians, station, club, Saturday and Sunday on National Minorities school and so on.;• Non-formal adult education schools include the type of training center for adults, folk high school, various courses and so on.Upgrading teacher training and work:In the knowledge society as substantially to overcome the role of the teacher: the teacher - the holder of knowledge changes the teacher - training organizer, creator of educational opportunities, study collaborators, advisor, partner, mediator between the student and various modern sources of knowledge. On the other hand, the open world of today and should remain a teacher educator, living witness of fact, transferring tradition (the community life of the underlying values they learned) and learning to develop creatively.Transform teacher training system. Perform training effectiveness assessment system and an international curriculum expertise. Ministry of Education is becoming a real customer training. Establishes training standards and their implementation strategies. Entered the teaching qualification exams for high school doors.Transform teacher training system. It is compatible with the progressive training scheme: it combines the study modules and a single teacher qualifications and the recognition system. Teacher training and development system kvalifikaijos targeted to today's teacher of values and the necessary strengthening of the general skills and competencies of the grant.Strengthens the role of teacher, extended his responsibilities and make. Teacher's help to gain new - learning assistant, organizer, moderator, a partner - the role. Developed and implemented ligalaikė teacher salary increase program.PORTUGUESE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMCountry profilePolitical status -, the party's name - the Portuguese Republic. The capital and largest city - Lisbon to 2,618,100 people. Next big city - Porto with 264,200 inhabitants.After its close the 15-th - 16 th centuries, Portugal lost much of his wealth and fame in 1755 after the destruction of Lisbon by the earthquake. The negative impact on the welfare of the country was the occupation of the Napoleonic Wars and in Brazil as a colony, a loss in 1822. 1910 revolution overthrew the monarchy and six decades, repressive governments ruled the country. 1974 Left-wing military coup launched a wide-ranging democratic reforms. In recent years, Portugal granted independence to its African colonies. In 1986 it joined the EU.GeographyPortugal occupies the western part of the Iberian Peninsula and is slightly below Indiana state, its area - 92,391 km2. Party crossed three major rivers that begin in Spain, flows into the Atlantic ocean and the land divided into three geographical sections. Minho River is part of the northern border and flows through the mountain range that extends to the vicinity of the Douro River. To the south of the Douro River Mountains slant pass into plains, rolling along the Tejo River. The remaining area is the southern part of the Alentejo. Azores Islands are about 547 km from the mainland into the Atlantic Ocean. They took nine islands that make up 2335 km2. Madeira consists of two inhabited islands Madeira and Porto Santo and two groups of unsettled island. These islands in the Atlantic Ocean, 861 km southwest of Lisbon. The continent, Portugal is 1,214 km border with Spain, and its coastline stretches 1,793 km.The Portuguese climate - the average marine. North of the country is cool and rainy in the south - warm and dry. The lowest point - in the Atlantic Ocean (0 m), the highest level - Ponta do Pico in the Azores (2351 m).Portuguese Natural resources - fish, cork tree forests, tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble, arable land, hydropower. Arable land is 20.57% of the territory, earth Hydrating - 6320 km2.Population2003 July. data resides in Portugal 10,102,022 inhabitants. The population growth rate for that day - 0.17%, the birth rate - 11.45 / 1000 pop., Mortality rate - 10.21 / 1000gyv. Average age: male - 72.86 years, female - 80.07 years. Language - Portuguese. Ethnic composition - a homogeneous group of people in the Mediterranean countries on the continent and the Azores and Madeira Islands; black African origin population immigrated to the decolonization process. The latter number - less than 100 000.Religious orientation - 94% Roman Catholic, Protestant. In addition to the official Portuguese language, speech and language miranda, which is also official, but is used in local regions.CulturePortuguese architecture and is known for siurial principal interest. Architecture reached a peak in the 16th century, when decoration was used in twisted, helter-, sea-like details. Portuguese people well-known form of music - melancholic fado, originating from the 16th century seaman songs. Traditional folk dances remained popular only in the province. The most impressive craft - decorative tile azujelos production. The Portuguese had learned the technique from the Moors.Portuguese rich literary tradition as well as to the age of 16, when the playwright Gil Vicente allowed the drama and poet Luís de Camões poems. There is no doubt a prime national poet and playwright, has emerged in the 20th century is Fernando Pessoa.Portuguese food is cheap and excellent. Classic Portuguese meals are sardinhas Assad (on a charcoal-grilled sardines), pastéis de Bacalhau (potato cakes with mussels) and caldo verde (cabbage and potato soup). Seafood dishes such as linguado grelhado (grilled sole) and bife de Atum (tuna steak) - is evocative of appetite food. Oral meals are of excellent quality Portuguese wines or Ports - a drink that is synonymous with Portugal.Basic education in Portugal are:1st Freedom of religion (of all religious teaching is permitted, and financed by the state. Most of them are Catholics); 2nd Learning, training and establishing the freedom of private schools; 3rd Education is a democratic outcome. It is not just the Ministry of Education, but also of other bodies, (teachers' associations, cultural associations, labor centers, labor unions, universities: research and technological innovation).Training in Portugal• Pre-school education is not compulsory and divided in two parts. Up to 3 years and 3-6 years. Education in less formal, based on the activity and game strategy. Maximum number of children in the class 20-25.• Basic education is compulsory in Portugal. He made three cycles:• 1 - Fourth-starting 1-4 in Class 6 to 10 year olds who are over 25 hours a week studying.• 2 - Second-5 - 6th Grade. These classes of students are 17 weekly lessons of 90 minutes.• 3 - nd 7-9 classes, where students study 18 weeks. lessons of 90 minutes.• Secondary education consists of a single-cycle 10-12 class 15 - 18 years of age.Professional TrainingVocational training in Portugal is a very important link in the education system. This school has an administrative, financial and academic autonomy. His program consists of modules: 1st socio-cultural component;2nd science component; 3rd technical, technological and practical component.The main areas of dominant-administration, accounting, agriculture, electronics, etc.. The country has a number of private vocational schools, which are often connected to the secondary schools. They can go to everyone, especially given that private schools are financed from the state budget.As in Lithuania, vocational training in Portugal has 4 steps. School programs are designed to enable graduates to be motivated to work in their country to develop its business in an activity, production, consistent with national needs. However, to start their own business, to implement innovative ideas often lack the financial resources. Finally, near the vocational school students in general education subjects as vocational qualifications, which rated 20 points system. Exams are held either in writing or orally. Considered the pre-professional test. The student must prepare and deliver your specialty project, which is reflected in his professionalism, skills, ingenuity and creativity.The State invests heavily in training, where theory is combined with practice. Learners receive a course attendance certificate. Number of pupils attending schools in the country on these reductions, which, when not appearing at school or training students heard. These children's parents is not very concerned about their science education. Parents, as often happens to us, neprisišauksi to school so that you can jointly tackle the problems. It is therefore very important role of social workers, psychologists, educators.Amar Terra Verde, a vocational school teaching in the arts, commerce, electronics, and energy, social work, and guide services, hotels, restaurants and valet managers and others. specialties. We had to observe some classes, for example. cooking lesson (group of 23 students and managers) have been produced food, which will then be marketed in the school canteen. Production was immediately a number of dishes, namely to the extent that the day will be delivered for sale in the canteen. Each group of students know their work and work independently under the supervision of the Head. It is a kind of theoretical practice in the classroom. Study subjects during the week they have 19 hours: 7 am. for the optional (2 hrs. - Theory, 5 pm .- practices, ie, serving, decorating, design, etc.). and two days after 6 pm. work in the canteen. Every year, after 5 weeks of the school year students have their practice in enterprises. Other groups that serviravo tables and served the guests, the work has been consistently observed not only in teaching practice, but a representative from the hotel, with a half-time at school, who also advised the students. And had to watch it being lead a workshop, which was to cook "Margaret" (instead of alcohol was only water.).Fontes Pereira de Melo vocational school children learn, most of which are called "heavier behavior." This school, which houses 840 students and employs 140 teachers. Students are prepared for upper school or the labor center, which wants more and more skilled workers with more knowledge, ability, opportunity. Since it is difficult to find a job, it is essential to change, grow.About 70 per cent. vocational school graduates employed by the selected and available to the specialty. In this school pupils in classes of mechanics working on engines, machinery, destroy them, repairs them. Computer room, they are trained not only in computer literacy, but also tries to introduce computer architecture, operating principles, and other biases. This has already worn out computers undermining the rule, together, etc. Even the English language that these children is not yet pay for lessons on the computer. The computer-learning tools and basic math lesson. It is clear that the modernization of vocational education and training environment, student learning zoom closer to here is one of the priorities.Higher EducationTertiary education provides: 1st Bachelor's (some universities) degree. 2nd Full education. 3rd Master's degree. 4th Doctoral degree. Bachelor's degrees and others:• Higher education in particular, offers a bachelor's degree and a complete education. Full education longer meets the academic training program and lasts for four years. Meanwhile, three undergraduate studies. Degrees can be organized in two phases: the first bachelor's degree is granted, then the next, lasting one or two measurements of undergraduate studies, received full training. • Higher education includes the four ancient universities (Lisbon, Coimbra, Oporto and Lisbon Technical University), six new higher education institutions, as well as the Catholic University of Lisbon. It is important that all institutes, schools and academies, such as: Institute of Applied Psychology, Social Welfare Institute, the Social Welfare Institute in Lisbon and Porto, Engineering, Horticulture College and the other is the component of higher education in Portugal elements.
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